Policy Implications of Psychology Model of Mental Disorder

Strategy Implications of Psychology Model of Mental Disorder This paper will audit the article Policy ramifications of a mental model of mental issue (Kinderman, P., Sellwood, W. also, Tai, S., 2007), and talk about how this article is pertinent to my future profession, by contrasting the thoughts that it embraces and those in different articles inside a similar field. The expansive thought that supports this article is that current emotional wellness administration strategy is predicated on the clinical model of mental issue, and that a mental model of mental issue could assist with educating or even supplant the clinical model as far as molding strategy. Kinderman et al’s (2007) article presents the view that psychological issue are â€Å"implicitly thought to be natural issue requiring treatment with variations on the conventional clinical consideration systems†. The article presents proof from various sources, including the National Office of Statistics, and the cause Mind, on the side of the view that individuals experiencing mental disarranges frequently get improper consideration, and that the basic explanation is the presumption of clinical as opposed to mental models of treatment. The intervening mental procedures model of mental issue (Kinderman, 2005, as refered to by Kinderman et al 2007) is the mental model proposed to upgrade or supplant the current clinical model. This model sees social and social impacts, just as organic factors as causing aggravations in the mental procedures of individuals experiencing mental scatters, as the outline from Kinderman et al (2007) beneath shows; The advantages of utilizing this model are that mediations would be intended to profit the basic mental procedures as opposed to treat an analyzed ‘illness’ as a component of a conventional clinical reaction. The model recommends causation is outer to the individual, and that psychological issue is a reaction to outside elements. The distinction with this model corresponding to the clinical model is that the clinical model just thinks about organic factors, and disregards social and social elements. Mediations, from this point of view, would along these lines be a lot more extensive, and would remember for huge part emotional well-being laborers, with less accentuation on the more therapeutically slanted mental methodology, and more accentuation on a multi-disciplinary methodology. Kinderman et al’s (2007) article proceeds to see how administrations could be organized around a social instead of clinical system and how existing hierarchical and operational structures would be adjusted across the board and cutting edge offices. How clients would connect with an assistance rebuilt around mental concerns is taken a gander at, especially regarding the shame felt by patients that is right now connected with the clinical model of mental ‘illness’, and the suggestions for quiet recuperation models. The greater network based, ‘quality of life’ way to deal with thinking about individuals experiencing mental disarranges is accentuated over these areas of the article. A breakdown of how the jobs of explicit emotional wellness laborers would be influenced by selection of Kinderman et al’s (2007) mental model is likewise given. The job of the emotional wellness laborer in this exciting modern lifestyle would be particularly as a featur e of a multi-disciplinary group. The job of therapist centers exclusively around organic intercessions as far as effect on mental procedures, and the customary accentuation on psychiatry over different orders would be supplanted by a progressively synergistic methodology inside a group of experts over various supporters. Kinderman et al (2007) suggest that attendants take on a more extensive job that incorporates mental intercessions, may convey greater duty regarding clinical choices, yet at the same time dependent on close to home restorative connections in both network and private consideration settings. Clinicians are seen mostly as administrators and coaches, and as defining proper intercessions as a feature of a multi-disciplinary group, as opposed to completing them. Social specialists flexibly the social point of view to the group, and would be engaged with socially based intercessions, rather than mental or natural mediations. At last, word related advisors additionally cen ter around the social parts of care, explicitly social incorporation, and the article recommends that a closer connection between word related treatment and come back to work guidance may occur. I have endeavored to put Kinderman et al’s (2007) article into setting by checking on writing identified with this subject, in order to comprehend the issue of the clinical model inside the emotional well-being administrations from alternate points of view. Petrie, K., Broadbent, E., and Kydd, R. (2008) take a gander at the effect of the patient’s own view of their disease as far as how the patient draws in with psychological well-being administrations and rehabilitative endeavors. The self-guideline hypothesis suggests that people structure sound judgment convictions about their disease so they can â€Å"understand and adapt to wellbeing threats† (Leventhal et al., 1997; Leventhal, Nerenz, and Steele, 1984, as refered to by Petrie et al 2008). People effectively attempt to comprehend their side effects and their disease, which â€Å"†¦drives the patients adapting and enthusiastic reactions to the wellbeing threat.† Petrie et al (2008) are contending that the impression of the patient impact how they look for help, adapt to mediations, restore, and react genuinely to mental turmoil. This view adjusts to Kinderman et al’s (2007) see that social and social variables are as significant as organic factors in how the emotional wellness administrations connect with individuals experiencing mental scatters, and how well individuals react to mediations. People’s impression of themselves are vigorously dependent upon how they think others see them, which is a social and social impact on an individual mental build. For instance of this Kondo, D. (1990), in thinking about as a scientist her own encounters as a Japanese American portrays how individuals â€Å"seemed to be established in and through social relations† and how oneself is a unique development. Starting here of view, all things considered, an individuals’ impression of themselves, since it is a social develop, will change after some time, and especial ly as for how they see the condition of mental issue they experience the ill effects of, and how any mediation advances (or not). This fits with Kinderman et al’s (2007) acknowledgment that people are demonized through the use of the clinical model to them, in the possession of the emotional wellness administration. Rose, Thornicroft, Pinfold, Kassam, (2007, as refered to by Petrie et al 2008) call attention to that â€Å"the analyze utilized for psychological well-being issues are all the more regularly connected with negative connotations.† Mã ¼ller DJ, Mandelli L, Serretti A, DeYoung CG, De Luca V, Sicard T, Tharmalingam S, Gallinat J, Muglia P, De Ronchi D, Jain U, Kennedy JL. (2008) did examination into the impacts of hereditary and non-hereditary factors on grown-up Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). As per Muller et al (2008), there is â€Å"strong proof that ADHD is exceptionally heritable and has a neurobiological underpinning† (Faraone and Biederman, 1999, as refered to by Muller et al 2008), and that â€Å"low financial status, parental psychopathology, and family conflict† (Scahill et al., 1999 and Biederman et al., 2002, as refered to by Muller et al 2008) are for the most part solid supporters of the danger of ADHD. This view adjusts to Kinderman et al’s (2007) see that social and social factors just as organic elements should be fused into the model that supports emotional wellness administrations strategy. Muller et al (2007) presumes that the incorporation of â€Å"env ironmental factors in hereditary investigations, [would help] to resolve†¦Ã¢â‚¬  irregularities in investigations of ADHD and of â€Å"†¦other mental disorders.† Again, the significance of social and social factors just as organic factors in understanding mental issue is underlined. Much examination has connected self destruction, and having self-destructive considerations, to burdensome disarranges. For instance, â€Å"most teenagers with burdensome scatters report noteworthy self-destructive ideation, and a critical minority report having made a self destruction endeavor over the span of their downturn (Myers, McCauley, Calderon, Treder, 1991, as refered to by Brown, R., Antonuccio, D., DuPaul, G., Fristad, M., King, C., Leslie, L., McCormick, G., Pelham, W., Piacentini, J., Vitiello, B., and Brown, R. 2008). It very well may be contended that self destruction is a significantly singular act. As indicated by Durkheim, the thought processes of an individual could be clarified by brain research, however brain science didn't give a general clarification of self destruction as a ‘social fact’ (Smith, M., 1998). In Suicide (1897/1952, as refered to by Smith, M. 1998), Durkheim examined self destruction rates across time and spot, and discovered exampl es between self destruction rates and among different elements, the geographic area of individuals that ended it all, and participation of strict gatherings. No doubt social and social variables had an undeniable effect upon the perspective of people, and that there may likewise be mental elements influencing everything. Comparable to the article under audit here, it would hence appear that not exclusively do social and social procedures should be considered when thinking about individuals with mental clutters, however mental factors likewise impact, or maybe intercede how social and social elements impact, the person. This is comprehensively in accordance with Kinderman et al’s (2007) model, despite the fact that the connection among organic and mental elements isn't clear, and could stand further research, despite th

3BM070 Strategic Corporate Finance ASSIGNMENT 2 Essay

3BM070 Strategic Corporate Finance ASSIGNMENT 2 - Essay Example The proportion supposedly is as high as 30% (Damodaran, 2012). a) Whether making interests in the portions of BP is productive or not, has been dissected based on the above counts in regard to p/e proportion and the offer value esteem determined utilizing the profit development model. The p/e proportion helps speculators to comprehend the market possibilities of a given stock. A higher p/e proportion is commonly viewed as better as it results out of higher profit and market esteem existing for an offer. It is likewise viewed as that organizations having a higher p/e proportion is probably going to give more profits (Bakshi and Chen, 2005). The proportion encourages financial specialists to settle on the cost at which offers must be bought dependent on the assessment of its profit. The proportion accordingly helps in setting up a connection among profit and the market esteem per share. It is amazingly basic that the proportion is concentrated by speculators dependent on industry normal and past year’s values. The proportion can be deciphered wrongly if not appropriately contrasted and the p/e proportions of earlier years and the general proportion existing in the business (Sharpe, 2002). From the computations completed it has been seen that the p/e proportion of BP in the 2013 has been settle for what is most convenient option. The business norms were at 12.8 while the proportion for BP was as low as 6.49%. This shows the market estimation of offers and the EPS esteems for the year 2013 of BP were settle for what is most convenient option. Then again, it was seen that the p/e proportion for the year 20014 had ascended to 30%. This was recognized because of a fall in the gaining per share (EPS) values, in spite of the fact that the cost of offers had encountered lower level of decrease. Albeit a higher p/e proportion is viewed as better, it might be judged wrongly if not contrasted and the figures of the earlier year. In the event of BP, in spite of the fact that the p/e proportion had risen, the reason behind it was a fall

EA Update

EA Update We plan to post Early Action admissions decisions online at 9pm EST on Monday, December 15th. In the next few days, we will send EA applicants an email on how to access the decisions online; I will also post a copy of that email here. Well have more details on the decisions in the days to come; thanks for your patience. In related news, I can announce that we have received approximately 5,000 early action applications this year. This is an increase of roughly 1,000 applications over last year. Here is a chart of EA application landmarks over time: In 1982-83, we received approximately 1,000 EA applications. In 1997-98, we received approximately 2,000 EA applications. In 2005-06, we received approximately 3,000 EA applications. In 2007-08, we received approximately 4,000 EA applications. In 2008-09, we received approximately 5,000 EA applications. The Admissions staff has been working tirelessly to fairly evaluate every single one of the applications weve received. I am confident that everyone has been and will continue to be reviewed fairly with all due consideration. Best wishes, everyone!

Benefits And Risks Of Recommended Child Immunizations Essay

This paper explores the benefits and risks of recommended child immunizations. The potential risks involve health outcomes but not limited to asthma, learning disorders, seizures, and autism. Even with extensive research, there has been question on whether enough resEarch has gone into addressing the long term outcomes and the entire immunization schedule. Engaging parents in the stages of development is crucial to address any concerns about the childhood vaccines. The process of development of these vaccines have undergone years of approval and improvements. Parents need to understand how much time and effort has gone into developing these vaccines. By closing the gap of confusion and questions, parents can feel more secure in their decision to immunize their children. Introduction/Problem Statement Over the past few decades, immunizations have saved more than a billion lives and prevented countless illnesses and disabilities in the United States. Vaccine-preventable diseases are still a threat today. These diseases can be passed on to those who are not protected by vaccines, resulting in hospitalizations and deaths every year (Common, 2015). But there is still a small number of people who continue to fight mandatory immunizations, and refuse to abide by the immunization schedule. It has been shown that refusing to follow vaccine protocols can result in disease outbreaks such as the December 2014 measles outbreak that began at Disneyland (Koch, 2000). Even though inShow MoreRelatedChildren 0-19 : Vaccination - Pro1453 Words   |  6 Pagesthe antibodies that lead to immunity. Through vaccination, a child is developing immunity without suffering from the actual disease that the vaccine prevents (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014). It is strongly supported by large organizations such as the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Academy of Family Physicians and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention that children are protected with the recommended vaccinations. Unvaccinated children can spread disease to otherRead MoreThe Vaccine Controversy Essay examples1641 Words   |  7 Pages2010 The Vaccine Controversy The vaccine controversy is the dispute over the morality, ethics, effectiveness, and /or safety of vaccinations. The medical and scientific evidence is that the benefits of preventing suffering and death from infectious diseases outweigh rare adverse effects of immunization. Since vaccination began in the late 18th century, opponents have claimed that vaccines do not work, that they are or may be dangerous, that individuals should rely on personal hygiene insteadRead MoreVaccines For Children Program Programs1522 Words   |  7 Pageswhat programs are available is critical to increasing the vaccine rates. Over the decades, there have been devastating consequences resulting from preventable communicable diseases as well as programs and strategies to assist in increasing the immunization rates. This paper will explain and critique the program called â€Å"Vaccines For Children†. This paper will also include how I will adapt this program in my future pediatric practice. The history of the Vaccines for Children program was a result ofRead MoreThe Benefits And Drawbacks Of Total Immunization1634 Words   |  7 PagesAuditing The Benefits And Drawbacks of Total Immunization On April 16, 1850, many people were relieved to know that the polio vaccination became required in all US schools. At this time, doctors and medical researchers did not think that now requiring one vaccine would create such a ripple affect, as well as so much controversy. Now, in the twentyfirst century, vaccinations are one of the medical fields strongest defenders of health and have created the ability for the body to become immune to virusesRead MoreVaccinations Are Necessary For Our Youth1305 Words   |  6 Pagesconcerns over the controversy of whether or not vaccinations are necessary for our youth. There have been many incidences where certain individuals’ immune systems put them at risk of becoming more ill and this keeps them from receiving their scheduled immunizations. The benefits that these shots provide outweigh the risks for most of the country’s youth. In order to maintain the safety of the public and protect the health of children, the scheduled vaccinations should be maintained by all familiesRead MoreThe Importance Of Vaccine Policy1181 Words   |  5 Pagesresidents sustained transparency, guaranteed parents the right to access vaccine reports that would keep them well informed, and assist them in making safe and appropriate decisions for their child (Texas H.B. 2249, 2017). On the other hand, as parents are opting out of their child receiving immunizations, conflicting values may arise. As vaccine exemption rates are rising, vaccine coverage levels are beginning to decline, putting the community in a predicament. When a high number of people withinRead MoreShould Vaccines Be Mandatory1492 Words   |  6 Pagesmicroscopic organisms and once given that energizes antibody formulations. (Vaccine, 2010) 23 various types of immunizations exist today. Vaccines have been reported to cause reactions that have gone under-reported and certain public health officials have been tracked to downplaying the risks while alternatively accenting the benefits. With media and increased encumbrance from anti-immunization activist, certain government disclosures have been slowing moving forward and rectification has been initiatedRead MoreWhat Is Cinahal? Create Purcines + Children?844 Words   |  4 Pagesa definite need for some growth in this area of research. Most of the articles focused on describing one specific immunization along with the benefits and risks that are involved when not receiving the vaccine. There is a need for more research, particularly in formulating new and possibly better ways to help parents understand why it is so important to get your child vaccinated rather than not too, even if that means providing more information and research available for a better adherenceRead MorePolicy Topics Of Maternal And Child Health Essay1634 Words   |  7 Pages Public Health Department: Environmental Health Unit Code: PRH 815 – Safe motherhood and perinatal Health Lecturer: Dr. B.Gichuru Task: Assignment Policy issues related to maternal and child Health Introduction The Constitution of Kenya 2010 provides for a rights-based approach in providing every person the utmost attainable standard of health .The Constitution introduced a devolved system of government which enhances equitable accessRead MoreMandatory Vaccination in Children: An Ethical Dilemma Essay1569 Words   |  7 Pagesdiseases which are now known as vaccine preventable disease. Vaccination is beneficial both for individuals and community. This bring us to the ethical dilemma - Vaccination of a healthy child with the intention of protecting both the individual child and the community at the same time exposing the child to the theoretical risk of exposure to disease products whether live, attenuated or killed. There was a time when people never questioned the government or their physicians. Now because of more public awareness

Boeing Case Study - 3170 Words

Introduction In this case Boeing faces a number of challenges in determiningthe viability of bringing forth the 7E7 aircraft series. Aircraft manufacturersbringing forth a new product has to take extra care since a miss in this assessment can place a company in a position to fail the result of huge cash outflows required. Boeing faced stiff competition from French based Airbus and had not brought forth a successful new product in recent years. Since the September 11th attacks travel had taken a drop in general and Boeing was making assumptions regarding future needs and opportunities. This included the willingness of travelers to pay 5% more for efficiency and the increase of hub and spoke travel for airlines requiring flexibility in†¦show more content†¦This beta is calculated using 40 years of data from Jan 2nd, 1962 to Dec 30th, 2002 (Because the data for historical price of Boeing before 1962 is not available) SUMMARY OUTPUT | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Regress ion Statistics | | | | | | | | Multiple R | 0.47008689 | | | | | | | | R Square | 0.22098168 | | | | | | | | Adjusted R Square | 0.22061697 | | | | | | | | Standard Error | 0.04211976 | | | | | | | | Observations | 2138 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ANOVA | | | | | | | | | | df | SS | MS | F | Significance F | | | | Regression | 1 | 1.074933 | 1.07493 | 605.9124 | 5.50E-118 | | | | Residual | 2136 | 3.789422 | 0.00177 | | | | | | Total | 2137 | 4.864355 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Coefficients | Standard Error | t Stat | P-value | Lower 95% | Upper 95% | Lower 95.0% | Upper 95.0% | Intercept | 0.00185857 | 0.000913 | 2.03574 | 0.0419 | 6.82E-05 | 0.00365 | 6.82E-05 | 0.00365 | X Variable 1 | 1.06941054 | 0.043445 | 24.6153 | 5.50E-118 | 0.984212 | 1.15461 | 0.98421 | 1.15461 | According to the regression summary output above, the estimate beta for Boeing is approximately 1.07. One important point to note is that this is theShow MoreRelatedBoeing Case Study1744 Words   |  7 PagesThe Boeing Company is an international aerospace and defense corporation originally founded by William E. Boeing in Seattle, Washington. The international corporate headquarters are now located in Chicago, Illinois (Boeing, 2009). Boeing was initially incorporated as Pacific Aero Products Company in 1916 (Boeing, 2009). Since 1916, Pacific Aero Products Company has transformed into Boeing and expanded into the largest global aircraft manufacturer by revenue, orders and deliveries, and the secondRead MoreCase Study : Boeing : The Boeing Company Essay5714 Words   |  23 PagesLauren Miller, Tori Tappero, Gabriel Quintero, Carlos Aguilar Management and Human Resources 301 Professor Aytug 6 June 2015 Boeing: The Boeing Company Table of Contents Company in Brief (Tori)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Page 1 Environmental Analysis (Tori)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Page 1 Macro Environmental Analysis(Tori)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..Page 1 Competitive Environment Analysis(Lauren)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦...†¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Page 1 Internal Environment Analysis(Tori)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..Page 1 Company’s resources(Tori)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreBoeing Case Study872 Words   |  4 Pages | BOEING’S e-ENABLED ADVANTAGE 2Could e-Enabling create the kind of sustainable advantage that the airplanes used to provide?Boeing was able to utilize its competitive advantage to produce better airplanes at a better price compared to its closest competition. Boeing dominated the market industry and became a global leader by producing cutting edge products that were better quality than the closest competitor. It wasn’t until Airbus started receivingRead MoreAnswers to Boeing Case Study2069 Words   |  9 Pagesklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbn mqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwwerty uiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdf ghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnm Sade Danglade Principles of Marketing Boeing Case Study 00016856 | 1) To begin, the market size with regard to the Dreamliner is fairly narrow to none; this is due to the fact that this aircraft is the first of its kind or genre. With relation to the market structure of the Dreamliner, itRead MoreBoeing Dreamline Case Study Report1114 Words   |  5 PagesBoeing Dreamline Case Study Report By Jiajun Chen INTRODUCTION On April 26, 2004, as Airbus surpassed its market share for the first time in the history, Boeing announced its plans to develop the Dreamliner 787 (initially known as Boeing 7E7). These plans were meant to recapture its leading position in the commercial aircraft market. With this aircraft, Boeing used a different approach for development. This report introduces the market position of the 787, addresses its new development strategyRead MoreBoeing 7e7 Case Study2380 Words   |  10 PagesCase # 10:   The Boeing 7E7 Presenting Date:   October 24th, 2012 Course Number:   Fire 417 Cases in Financial Management Section: 901 Instructor:   Dr. Manu Gupta Group Number:   4 Group members: Peter Lee, Siravuth Punyataweekul and Stephen Woolard. Case Summary: 1.) In early 2003, Boeing announced plans to design and sell an airliner named the 7E7. Boeing aimed for the 7E7 to be more fuel efficient, carry between 200 and 250 passengers, able to accomplish both domestic and internationalRead MoreCase Study: Boeing Essay examples832 Words   |  4 PagesAna Lopez MGT 420 Professor Cathy Ko Assignment #2: Case Study: Boeing 1- Select one or more diagnostic models that you believe provide a framework that succinctly identifies the key factors at the center of the Boeing situations. Explain your choice of model. Boeing has had an array of problems since the 1900’s; from the scandal with the Pentagon in 2003, to the manufacturing crisis when Boeing was required to halt production of the 747 aircraft for 20 days. Let’s not forget the financialRead MoreBoeing Australia Case Study1480 Words   |  6 Pagessales and marketing and information technology managers will be involved in the decision making, implementation and monitoring of this new system. This will prove credibility of JITD and convince customers that change is inevitable and in this this case the benefits will be mutual. Issues Deciding whether or not the Just In Time Distribution (JITD) model should be implemented into Barilla†s operations. Barilla is suffering from escalating operational inefficiencies. The company is beingRead MoreCase study of Boeing Dreamliner1560 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Title of case: Boeing 787 Dreamliner Critical Facts: Boeing is the world’s largest manufacturer of military and commercial aircraft, which was founded in 1916 by William Boeing and Navy Engineer Conrad Westervelt in the name of Pacific Aero Products Company in Seattle, which after active participation in World war-I was renamed to Boeing Airplane Company (Frederick, 2014). Boeing produced several hundreds of B-17 Flying fortress during World War II which became the U.S Bomber. In 1950’s Boeing facedRead MoreCase Study : The Boeing Company1453 Words   |  6 Pages The Boeing Company is an American Multinational famous corporation that designs, produce, and sells commercial jetliners and military aircraft combined and satellites. It also prepares product support services. The Company founded in 1916 in the Puget Sound region of Washington State by William E Boeing. The Company undertook a series of strategic mergers and acquisitions to become the world’s leading aerospace company. Boeing is organized into few main and original divisions: †¢ Boeing Commercial

Service Industry vs Manufacturing Industry in the UK Free Essays

string(95) " shown in various indicators with the shift to more service-oriented sector taking prominence\." The market in which organisations find themselves is continually changing. On the other hand, trade and investments are growing rapidly and overtaking the world output and there is increasing integration of the world economy. Multilateralism is constantly threatening and regionalism is stronger in Europe, Asia and America than ever before. We will write a custom essay sample on Service Industry vs Manufacturing Industry in the UK or any similar topic only for you Order Now This continuous structural change in world economies indicates the variations in the relative size of each sector which can be seen in terms of changes in output, employment and productivity. ECONOMY STRUCTURES Economies can be divided into three categories: Primary, Secondary and Tertiary. The primary economy includes all activities related to the extraction of natural resources e. g. mining, farming etc. The secondary economy includes activities related to the production of goods and processing of materials which have manufacturing as its major component. It also includes the construction sector and utilities sector. The tertiary sector includes both the private and public services such financial industry, health, defence and other services related sectors. http://tutor2u. net/business/gcse/external_environment_economic_sectors. tm accessed on 31st November 2009. MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY IN BRITAIN Industry is defined as a group of firms producing similar products with boundary of an industry determined by a gap in the chain of substitutes. All sectors of the economy can be referred to as an industry but emphasis lay with the secondary sector which is widely regarded as the manufacturing se ctor. Roger Cox (2009) Concerns have been raised over the competitiveness and continued decline of Britain’s manufacturing base. This de-industrialisation has continually raised questions whether it can seriously damage the country’s wealth. The concerns about manufacturing have been reflected in trends in various statistical indicators especially the shift away from manufacturing towards services, the productivity gap between Britain and its major international competitors. Malcolm Sawyer (2009) clearly stated that the value of manufacturing output in Britain has continued to rise slowly in the last half century, but the share of manufacturing in the total output is what has declined not the absolute amount. DE-INDUSTRIALISATION IN BRITAIN The trade balance in manufactured goods moved into deficit in 1983 for the first time since the Industrial revolution of the early 90’s. This could be attributed to the gradual movement of the economy from manufacturing to more service-oriented economies. This experience is not unique to Britain alone, over the period 1970 to 1990, the share of manufacturing in the national output declined in all major industrial nations while that of services increased. By 1990, the share of manufacturing in the GDP among major economies had declined with Britain coming sixth behind Japan, Germany, USA, and France. Mark C. Corri F. (1998) De-industrialisation can be viewed in a number of ways: ?The decline in employment, in both absolute and relative terms. The decline in the share of national output contributed by the sector. ?The decline in the country’s share of world manufacturing output or exports. ? The failure due to poor export performance or increased import penetration to generate sufficient export to finance a full employment level of imports. Office for National Statistics ONS figures for the last quarter of 2008 shows a decline of 10. 4% lower than the figures from the previous year with output decreasing in 12 out of 13 sub-sectors. Significant decreases were recorded in the metal industries, transport industries and in machinery and equipments industries 11. 4%, 10. % and 9. 8% respectively. http://www. fundstrategy. co. uk/news/british-manufacturing-slumps/182454. article accessed 25th of November 2009. In Britain, the fall in the demand for labour is associated with a reduction in output until 1987 and probably a rise in the wage level relative to the price of other factors. The decline in manufacturing employment means that its share of total employment has also declined over that period of time with employment in the service industry sector growing at a faster rate. A growth rate of over 7% was recorded in the 1980’s in the service sector with manufacturing falling by over 20%. Shares of world trade in manufactures and deindustrialisation. (%) 195019601970197919901991 France9. 99. 68. 710. 59. 710 Germany7. 319. 319. 820. 920. 220 Japan3. 46. 911. 713. 715. 917 UK25. 516. 510. 89. 18. 69 USA27. 321. 618. 616. 016. 018 Office for National Statistics (1991), Monthly review of External Trade statistics. London Manufacturing’s problems began with the misguided notion that Britain should become a â€Å"post-industrial† economy: that we would focus on services and the creation of ideas, with other nations taking on the less attractive task of making the finished product. The results speak for themselves. Manufacturing now generates just 13% of GDP, compared with 32% in 1970. John Rose, http://web. ebscohost. com/ehost/detail? vid=3hid=11sid=81119b4e-a750-4e4f-8fdc-3d2366c3f5e4@sessionmgr12bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=bthAN=35824528 accessed on 22 November 2009. In the period 1980 to 2000, the manufacturing base in Britain was on a steady decline. Government argued that the reducing contribution made by the manufacturing towards GDP will be made up for by the service industry but further researches shows that the assumption was misjudged. Figures show deficits on goods moving from +? 1. 3 billion to -? 30. 4 billion creating a ? 31. 7 billion deficit not covered by the service industry. This Industrial decline was accelerated by increased competition from cheaper imports and the outsourcing to low cost economies which saw a free fall in different high profile companies closing down, downsizing or relocating to low cost economies. http://web. ebscohost. com/ehost/detail? vid=3hid=11sid=81119b4e-a750-4e4f-8fdc-3d2366c3f5e4@sessionmgr12bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=bthAN=35457939 accessed on 26th November 2009. John S Mark S (2004) clearly states that the deindustrialisation in Britain has not being affecting the whole of the manufacturing sector, certain sectors mainly instruments and electrical engineering industries has witnessed a tremendous rise in production and they are among the fastest growing in the economy but industries like the metal industries have witnessed a substantial decline in their productivity. EMPLOYMENT FIGURES WITHIN THE INDUSTRIES This sector underwent a significant growth in the early 80’s in the EU during the post industrial phase of economic development. The doubts about manufacturing sector have been shown in various indicators with the shift to more service-oriented sector taking prominence. You read "Service Industry vs Manufacturing Industry in the UK" in category "Papers" It has been argued that the decline in Britain’s manufacturing sector should not be a cause for concern but rather the offset of expansion of other sectors of the economy especially the Service industry. The service sector witnessed a rapid increase in employment with the financial sector gaining rapidly on the manufacturing sector. In 1971, the workforce in the manufacturing industry has shrunk by around 4 million with the service industry recording a growth of around 3. million. By 1994, while about 46 million people where employed in the manufacturing sector, about 55 million and 28 million people where employed in the private and public services sector respectively representing about 64% of the total employment figure within the EU. Andrew Taylor of financial times reported that over a century beginning from the first production in 1907 to 2007, the manufacturing sector employment figures has fallen from 7 million to 3 million while women not account to 23% compared to the 25% at the onset. The mining sector used to account for about three-quarters of the employment with figures about 837,000 but now employs around 10,000 accounting for just around 1% of the employment figures. The aerospace industry, a section of the service industry which was non-existent at the beginning of the century now employs about 100,000. Mark C. Corri F. (1998) http://web. ebscohost. com/ehost/pdf? vid=5hid=9sid=537cf987-eae7-4a54-a771-43527c9111f7@sessionmgr10 accessed 1st December 2009. SERVICE SECTOR GROWTH IN BRITAIN In the post industrialisation era in EU, economies including the UK witness a boom in the service sector with significant growth in the financial services sector and the aerospace industries. Between 1979 and 1993, there was a rise from 7 to 13 percentages in service sector employment rate. In more recent surveys, the services industry across banking to airliners has shown growth rates in February that represent a five month high, as companies have raised their prices. This is a positive sign that suggests that the predicted slowdown as espoused by the Bank of England has yet to materialize. The Chartered Institute of Purchasing and Supply revealed that index prices are up by 1. 5 percent since September 2007 whilst the report also indicated that the economy has maintained its current momentum. http://www. investmentmarkets. co. uk/20080305-1705. html accessed on 23rd of November, 2009. The measurement of service industry depends on the way it is defined, either value or volume wise. Outsourcing has been a major component in promoting service sector. Manufacturing companies outsources most of its functions like finances, design and other little services to focus on its core competencies and all this in turn increases activities within the service industry and the employment figures reducing its manufacturing counterpart in correspondence. The rise of services is due also to changing economies within the EU, limited competitiveness of traditional industrial production. Financial Times. (2009) AEROSPACE INDUSTRY IN BRITAIN The UK aerospace industry (UKAI) remains one of the most successful sectors of UK manufacturing. In 2003, the UKAI accounted for 0. 6 percent of UK gross value added (GVA) and four percent of value added by the UK’s manufacturing industry as a whole. The UKAI is also one of the UK’s major export sectors, generating a trade surplus of just over ? 2. 5 billion in 2003, compared with manufacturing overall, which had a trade deficit. The UKAI provides direct and indirect employment in the UK for around 255,000 people. Although productivity levels in the UKAI are generally higher than the UK average, they Remain disappointing when compared to the industry’s main international competitors. However, there are signs that UKAI productivity growth is beginning to outpace these competitors. There are also evidences to suggest that there will be a further challenge for The UKAI as competition from emerging economies is growing. The growth of the United Kingdom aerospace industry illustrates the changing trends in globalisation, industrialisation and service delivery. From a virtually non-existent sector around a century ago, the UKAI has grown so much in the last twenty years and captured about 10% of the world market in aerospace and accounted for just over 4% of UK anufactured output and directly contributed just over ? 5. 5 billion to UK gross value added (GVA)1 in 2002. In 2003, the UKAI directly employed just fewer than 122,000 people, 0. 4% of total UK employment and 3% of total manufacturing employment. An additional 150,000 people have been estimated to be indirectly employed by the industry. UKAI productivity was ? 54,000 per head in 2001, 50% higher than the UK average and 35 percent higher than for manufacturing as a whole. http://www. publications. parliament. uk/pa/cm200405/cmselect/cmtrdind/151/151. df accessed 27th November 2009. ANALYSIS OF THE MANUFACTURING AND SERVICE SECTORS A steady growth rate has been recorded in the service industry while the contribution to the overall GDP from the manufacturing industry has witnessed a steady decline in the last few decades. This has been well documented from various researches carried out but a serious questions still arises from the performance of the service sector and its long term sustainability and effect on the economy. David Liston asked â€Å"what will the services industry be servicing if there is no hardware? The first priority should be to stop treating manufacturing as a relic of the industrial revolution. High-value-added manufacturing brings huge benefits. It penetrates the economy of the entire country, not just London and the south-east. It pays well but avoids bewildering distortions of income. It drives and enables a broad range of skills and stimulates the growth of services. In short, it creates wealth. Curmen P et. al (1997) The UK manufacturing sector continues to decline and the subsequent loss of exports has not been replaced by revenue from the service sector as the government had originally thought. At the same time, the ownership of UK companies by foreigners is increasing and UK companies are continuing to relocate some of their labour intensive operations to low cost economies. The cost of compensating employees who are made redundant when a company in the UK closes is one of the lowest in the European Union. So for multi-national companies with surplus capacity, the UK factories may be selected for closure. There is also a tendency for companies to consolidate research and development in their home country with the consequence that it is lost from the UK. This decline in manufacturing was triggered by some factors: ?Changes in manufacturing and materials technology and consumption patterns which affected a lot of steel, coal ship-building and power generation industries. ?Obsolete and redundant plants and inadequate investment and financial assistance to replace them. ?Diverse and intense competition from low wage nations and newly industrialised economies. ?Resistance to change at all levels of production from management to trade unions. Adverse effect of Government policies both fiscal and monetary on industries. Particularly in high interest rates and fluctuating exchange rates. With David Liston’s question in mind and the fact that service industry has not been able to replace manufacturing industries effectively producing a cushioning effect for the drop in its GDP contribution slump which is evident by the facts below: ? The interdependence on manufacturing industry as shown in the case of the aerospace, further reduction in manufacturing output will adversely affect services output also. Technical progress in manufacturing offers greater prospects of high-wage jobs able to raise standards compared to part-time low wage in the services industry. ?For each 1% decline in export of Britain’s manufacture, an excess of 2. 5% rise in export in required in services to complement the effect. Some policies which cut across all concerned parties from Government to private market solutions have been formulated to help halt the decline in manufacturing. Some of which include: ? Britain’s macroeconomic and industrial policy Improved management in the industrial sector ?A reform of Britain’s institutions ?Greater accumulation of both human and physical capital ?Improved innovation to accommodate mechanisation http://web. ebscohost. com/ehost/pdf? vid=5hid=9sid=537cf987-eae7-4a54-a771-43527c911 1f7@sessionmgr10 accessed on 1st of December 2009. CONCLUSION Divergent analysis from various stakeholders shows the variable effect of manufacturing and service delivery on the national income of Britain. A steady decline in manufacturing was evident and it coincided with the boom How to cite Service Industry vs Manufacturing Industry in the UK, Papers

Practice and Research Clinical Rheumatology

Question: Discuss about the Practice and Research Clinical Rheumatology. Answer: Introduction: Presence of focused issue- The analysis of the randomized controlled trial (RCT) study by Moyle et al. (2014) reveals clear focus of the study as the detail regarding the intervention given to specific population group was clearly mentioned. The main objective was to compare the impact of foot massage and quiet presence on aggression and depressed mood in people with dementia. Hence, the intervention is the foot massage and control variable is the quiet presence. Randomization of intervention- As the research was based on RCT methodology, randomization process was conducted in the trial by randomizing participants by a computer program (Moyle et al. 2014, pp.856-864)). This helps in concealing allocation. It increases the strength of the study by means of eliminating biases and confounding factors in the study (Berkman et al. 2014). By the computer program, patients were randomly allocated to foot massage or quiet presence group (Moyle et al. 2014, pp.856-864)). Analysis of patients in the randomized group- Moyle et al. (2014, pp.856-864) maintained follow-up of patients and this can be said because data of participants who received at least one intervention was statistically analysed by means of Baseline and Post-Test One analysis. Detailed question Blinding process of RCT- Blinding process is an important element of RCT process as it is done to reduce biasness and confounding factors in research. Blinding deals with optimizing the likelihood of differential outcome in research studies. It is done by means of concealment of group allocation from one or more groups of individual in the research study (Karanicolas 2010). In the RCT study conducted by Moyle et al. (2014, pp.856-864)), allocation concealment was done for the participants by means of a computer program. This computer program helped in randomization of participants to intervention (intervention) and control group (Quiet presence). Similarity of the group at the start- Similarity at the start of the group in RCT trial is related to focus of the researcher on maintaining equality of the group at baseline. This is done by keeping factors like age, sex, educational qualification and health status similar for both intervention and control group. While reviewing the research article, it can be said that the researcher considered maintaining the baseline balance in both groups. This can be said because no difference between both groups was seen at base line based on factors like living situation, gender, age, time and medication for disruptive behaviour in participants (Egbewale et al. 2014, p.49). Treatment of groups- The quality of the randomized controlled trial study is enhanced by identification of factors that might influence the performance of one group over the other group. The review of the article revealed the treatment fidelity in the study by giving adequate training to research assistants regarding the protocols to be followed during providing the foot massage (intervention) and quiet presence to people with dementia (Moyle et al. 2014, pp.856-864)). The rigor of the research is also seen by the attention of the researcher to train assistants regarding the core principles needed for supporting people with dementia. Following the core principles is important because dementia is associated with a number of medical difficulties and so careful diagnosis and assessment is necessary to provide sensitive support and relief to dementia patients (James et al. 2017). On this basis, intervention assistant could easily provide standardized massage on each foot of patients and the quiet presence assistant just sat before the participants without interacting or physically touching them. Effect of treatment- To examine the impact of the intervention on two groups of participant, Moyle et al. (2014, pp.856-864)) measured both baseline data and after the end of the study. By this approach of measuring outcome measures prior to initiation of intervention and three weeks after providing the intervention, treatment effect could be easily enhanced. This approach enhanced the quality of RCT and its outcome analysis. Furthermore, outcome was measured specifically by two scales. As the intervention was focused on improving mood disorder and agitation in people with dementia, measuring this outcome was important to evaluate the efficacy of the intervention on target population. Similar strategy was also taken by the researcher to analyse the treatment effect by assessing agitation by Cohen Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI) Short form and assessing the mood in dementia patients by the Observed Emotion Rating Scale (OERS). The detail in reporting is seen as detailed descripti on about each scale helped to enhance the clarity behind taking these two specific outcome measures. It reflects a focused approach to enhance the quality of study findings and making it reliable to be used in actual setting (Hulley 2013). Estimate of the treatment effect- To judge the reliability of the research study, it is necessary to evaluate how far precision is achieved in the result of the study by addressing the clinical and statistical significance of results. In addition, reporting adverse effects and external validity issues also determine whether target patient may benefit from the intervention or not (Estellat et al. 2009, pp.291-303.). In case of the RCT study for analyzing the efficacy of foot massage as an intervention for dementia patients, the precision in result was maintained by calculating the means and standard deviation of the CMAI and OERS score both at baseline and after the test for intervention and control group. On this basis, the results of the study showed evidence for the increase in total CMAI score in both groups, however symptoms of aggression was more in control group compared to intervention (foot massage) group. Application of results The strength of the study is reflected from the generalizability of research and its application to target population group in actual setting. As the research study by Moyle et al. (2014) was focused on evaluating the efficacy of non-pharmacological treatment options (foot massage in this case) for managing mood disorder and agitation in dementia patients, the research article finally showed that this intervention cannot be applied in real setting. This was because of many limitations found in the intervention. Firstly, foot massage did not significantly reduced agitation or mood disorder in people with dementia. Secondly, certain confounding factors might also be the reason for poor outcome. This may include the unfamiliarity of the participants with the treatment assistant, which have made them uncomfortable. The limitation is also consistent with other findings, which proves that more rigor in research is needed to finally adapt foot massage as an intervention for people with deme ntia (McVicar et al. 2016, pp.739-750). Consideration of important clinical outcomes Although no adverse event was seen due to the intervention, however the clinical outcome is not adequate and additional work is needed in this area. Firstly, many participants reported feeling distressed as unfamiliar people gave them foot massage. This might have affected the result. Hence, in the future study, this limitation can be solved by delivering foot care massage by a familiar person (such as family member or regular care worker) to reduce aggression and agitation in patients. Despite certain limitation, the RCT trial all showed many positive results which might help to improve the efficacy of the intervention in the long run. For instance, foot massage participants became less alert than quiet presence group, which indicates a state of relaxation in intervention group. The strength and credibility of the study is also seen from the way the complete case was analysed and put together. All efforts were made to make the data free from any selection biases and confounding variables (Moyle et al. 2014, pp.856-864). Hence, it reflects that foot massage has the potential for improving symptoms in people with dementia and improvement in outcome can be achieved by more rigorous research to find the condition in which foot massage can promote relaxation in dementia patients. The appropriateness of reporting is also seen as the researcher compared their findings with other research study and gave suggestions on precaution needed in conducting future research design for people with dementia. Reference Berkman, ND Santaguida, PL Viswanathan, M Morton, SC 2014, Study quality assessment. Egbewale, BE Lewis, M Sim, J 2014, Bias, precision and statistical power of analysis of covariance in the analysis of randomized trials with baseline imbalance: a simulation study,BMC medical research methodology,14(1), p.49. Estellat, C Torgerson, DJ Ravaud, P 2009, How to perform a critical analysis of a randomised controlled trial, Best Practice Research Clinical Rheumatology,23(2), pp.291-303. Hulley, SB Cummings, SR Browner, WS Grady, DG Newman, TB 2013, Designing clinical research. Lippincott Williams Wilkins. James, J Knight, J Cotton, B Freyne, R Pettit, J Gilby, L., 2017, Excellent Dementia Care in Hospitals: A Guide to Supporting People with Dementia and their Carers. Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Karanicolas, PJ 2010, Practical tips for surgical research: blinding: who, what, when, why, how?, Canadian journal of surgery,53(5), p.345. McVicar, A Greenwood, C Ellis, C LeForis, C 2016, Influence of Study Design on Outcomes Following Reflexology Massage: An Integrative and Critical Review of Interventional Studies, The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine,22(9), pp.739-750. Moyle, W Cooke, ML Beattie, E Shum, DH ODwyer, .T Barrett, S 2014, Foot massage versus quiet presence on agitation and mood in people with dementia: A randomised controlled trial, International journal of nursing studies,51(6), pp.856-864.

External and Internal Environmental Analysis

Abstract For a company to succeed in its operations and meet its core values and objectives, a company analysis is important. This analysis gives an understanding of the company performance and its ability to meet its mission, vision and value statements.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on External and Internal Environmental Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In order to achieve this, a company must initially form a strategy that guide it through the financial year and a review of the benefits of the strategy at different times of the financial year. These reviews bring an understanding of the company’s performance in respect to the strategy. In this paper, the focus is on the company analysis of World Wide technology Inc. The paper addresses the methods that the company may use to validate its vision, mission and values statements, and the sources used to perform the external and internal environmenta l analysis. World Wide Technology Inc Company Analysis World Wide technology Inc (WWT) was founded in 1990 to provide integrated systems to the telecommunication, government and commercial sectors in the United States of America. It is one of the largest companies in the United States in Cisco sales. Like other organizations, the company has its mission, vision and value statements. The vision defines the reason of the WWT existence, the mission defines what the WWT intends to do in support of the vision and the values defines the guidelines or principles of WWT (Kazmi, 2002). In validation of the vision, mission and value statements, WWT must form a strategy towards achieving them. The strategy should focus on the strengths, weaknesses, available opportunities and the threats to the company (Steiner, 1979). This gives the company an understanding of the internal and external factors. In the evaluation of the strengths, the company focuses on what it can manage to do in order to ach ieve its overall goals (Bohm, 2008). It starts with evaluation of the employees view towards the vision, mission and the value statement. If the employees embrace the overall goals of WWT, then the company can focus on other factors such as financial strengths and market (Bohm, 2008).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In finance, the WWT should evaluate its statements to ensure that they meet the required threshold of achieving the overall goals. WWT should ensure that they have enough finance to cater for any unpredictable occurrences such as fluctuation in the economy (Dealtry, 1992). In addition, WWT should evaluate their market to ensure that they have a competitive advantage (Steiner, 1979). Here, the company should evaluate their products and services and their penetration in the market. They should also analyze whether they have been able to be ahead of their competitor s. One of the goals of WWT is to be the leading company in the production of quality goods and services and the company should ensure that all the production meet its goals. In the weaknesses, the WWT should analyze what the company finds as hindrance to achievement of goals. They should focus on what the competitors who in this case are integrated systems companies are doing better than they are (Bohm, 2008). This gives WWT an oversight of the sectors that need improvement. In the opportunities, the WWT evaluate the potential markets, changes and ventures they have put in place to enhance achievement of overall goals (Steiner, 1979). In addition, WWT should focus on the available opportunities in future that would assist the company to meet its goals. In threats, WWT should focus on the risks associated with different sectors. This may include the markets due to competition, the human resource, finances, operations and other external factors such as politics and legal risks (Dealtr y, 1992). The company should evaluate how well they have dealt with these risks and how they are prepared to deal with their occurrence in future. This evaluation is necessary as risks hinder a company from achieving its goals. In addition, WWT should focus on the external environmental factors that affect the company. The use of reliable source of information gives the company a good foundation in their analysis. The sources of environmental factors include the customers, suppliers, the media, trade associations, marketing intermediaries and the government agencies (Kazmi, 2002).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on External and Internal Environmental Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The company in addition should get information from secondary sources such as annual reports and newsletters of the competitors (Kazmi, 2002). This information gives the company the overview of their external strengths, weaknes ses, threats and the competitors’ information. WWT should analyze this information, and plan a strategy to follow in maintaining and improving the strengths, turning the weaknesses to strengths, utilizing the available opportunities and overcoming the threats. A good strategic plan to deal with situation would help WWT to have a competitive advantage over its competitors. Similarly, the company should focus on the internal factors that affect the company. The sources of these internal factors are WWT employees, the WWT files and documents, and WWT management information systems (Kazmi, 2002). These sources give the company the overview of the internal strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. WWT then carries its analysis with the understanding of this information, which further helps the company in strategic planning. Conclusion In any company analysis, a SWOT analysis helps to evaluate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats associated to the company sh ould be the foundation. The analysis should focus on both the external and internal environmental factors. References Bohm, A. (2008). SWOT analysis. Norderstedt: Grin Verlag.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Dealtry, T. (1992). Dynamic SWOT analysis: Developer’s guide in managing real-time issue. Birmingham: DSA Publications. Kazmi, A. (2002). Business policy and strategic management. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited. Steiner, G. (1979). A step- by-step guide: Strategic planning. New York: The Free Press. This essay on External and Internal Environmental Analysis was written and submitted by user Frederick Marquez to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How to Publish a Book a Comprehensive Guide - Freewrite Store

How to Publish a Book a Comprehensive Guide - Freewrite Store Before you start Congratulations – you did it! You wrote a book (if you haven't yet, check out this article with 10 steps to follow). Pat yourself on the back and take a few moments to acknowledge what you’ve achieved. Okay, what next? Writing your book is just the first step in your journey to becoming a published author. It’s a journey that ends with your book in the hands (or on the device) of your audience – your readers.   Publishing has come a long way in recent years, with more options available to authors than ever before. You can choose to go down the traditional route with a publishing house, or you can self-publish your book in printed or electronic form (or both). Both processes have pros and cons, and both can be extremely successful when they’re done the right way. Whether you’ve already decided which path to take, or you’re still trying to make up your mind, here’s a helpful guide on how to publish your book. Keep reading: 10 Writing Submission Strategies to Get You Published Before you start You’re probably raring to get your book out there, but before you release it into the wild, it’s important to get it reviewed. Firstly, it’s a good idea to give it to a couple of ‘beta readers’ who are willing to give you honest, constructive feedback. They will be able to help you identify if there are any gaping holes in your plot or parts of the story that don’t make sense. Keep reading: Story vs. Plot Once you’re sure your narrative is solid, it’s helpful to engage a good copy editor to weed out any bad spelling, grammar, awkward sentence structure, and offensive terms or jargon. If you can’t afford a full copy edit, a thorough proofread is the next best option. You can find editors and proofreaders at reasonable rates on e-lancing sites like Fiverr, Upworkand Freelancer. Of course, you can edit your own work, too, but don’t underestimate the advantage that comes with a fresh pair of eyes. Keep reading: 3 Ways to Expedite Your Editing Process How to prepare your manuscript Whichever method of publishing you decide to pursue, the first thing you need to do is prepare your manuscript to the correct standards. Criteria will differ depending on the publishing method and the individual publisher’s requirements. Most publishers list them on their website, and it’s important to follow their instructions carefully if you want them to look at your book. For traditional books, most publishers like you to set your manuscript up on an A4 document with 3cm margins using left-aligned 12-point Times New Roman text. Use a single space between sentences and double-space your lines with no extra lines between paragraphs. Begin each chapter on a new page and indent each paragraph or section of dialogue. Make sure each page is numbered, and your title and your name are in the header. Don’t forget to include a title page with the name of your story, the word count, and your contact details. How to get an agent A lot of traditional publishing houses don’t accept unsolicited manuscripts, so it’s a good idea to get yourself a literary agent to handle that side of things for you. Google literary agencies in your area and check if they have any agents who are open to submissions and have an interest in your genre. Once you find someone who seems like a good match, you’ll need to prepare your submission to send to them. Often the agency will have guidelines on their website detailing what they want from you, but if not, it’s safe to assume they will accept a query letter, a synopsis, and the first three chapters of your book. Your query letter should be a one-page, clearly written letter that introduces you and your book. Describe why you’d like to work with that agent, include your book’s premise and word count, and finish with a sentence or two about yourself. Your synopsis should be around 500 words that summarise the plot of your book and the emotional journey of your characters in straightforward language. It’s a description – not a sales pitch. Start by sending your submission to between ten and fifteen agents and be open to their feedback, both positive and negative, when they respond. If you get very few responses, you may need to review your story to see why it’s not hooking people in. However, don’t give up after the first few rejections. Literary agents turn down submissions for a huge number of reasons, including being too busy or having lots of other similar submissions. If you’re getting warm, encouraging feedback with their rejections, then keep trying! Once you’ve secured an agent, it’s their job to sell your manuscript to a publisher. If your agent is successful, the publisher will buy the rights to market your book. Normally, you’ll receive an upfront payment (although it may not be large) and a proportion of the royalties from sales. The publisher will then handle the production and marketing of your book, and, all going well, you’ll see it in bookstores and may receive some written reviews. The great part about traditional publishing is that once you’ve sold your book to the publisher, they do all the hard work getting it to market. The downside is that you hand over control of your work to a third party, and they take a significant share of the profits. How to self-publish your book Self-publishing has become increasingly popular as online platforms like Amazon’s Kindle Direct Publishing have made it easier than ever to sell your work to a global audience with little to no investment up-front. If you write in a genre or format that doesn’t typically generate much interest in traditional publishing circles, you want speed to market, or you just prefer the concept of being in control of every aspect of your publishing career, then self-publishing could be the best option for you. Just like traditional publishing, you’ll need to get your manuscript into tip-top shape before you unleash it upon the world. Getting your book edited properly is especially important in the self-publishing arena because you won’t have a publishing house’s own editors reviewing it before it’s released, as you would if you went down the traditional publishing route. You’ll also need to get a cover designed. If you’re selling through large platforms like Amazon Kindle Direct Publishing or Barnes Noble Press, your cover thumbnail will be competing with dozens of others on the same page, so it needs to stand out and entice the reader to click on it. Unless you’ve got good graphic design skills, it’s worth paying a designer to create an eye-catching cover that will do your book justice. If you opt to do it yourself using a design app like Canva, make sure you use royalty-free images (or purchase the correct rights for the use of the stock image you choose). Next, you’ll need to write a great description of your book that sells your story and hooks the reader in. Your description should be around 600 words, and it’s essential that it be completely error-free. Nothing puts off a prospective reader faster than typos in the book description. Take some time to research the different e-book publishing options available to you and decide which one suits you best. Typically, e-book publishers won’t charge you to upload your book but will take a small percentage of your sales to cover the service that they’re providing to you. Some publishers also offer a print-on-demand service whereby your reader can order a hard copy, which will be printed at the time they order it, and the purchase price will cover the printing costs plus your profit. Some companies also offer you the ability to print your book in bulk, at cost, so that you can supply copies to local bookstores. Once you’ve selected which company you will use to publish your book, research their requirements for formatting your manuscript for upload. Some companies, like Amazon, provide an app that does it for you, while others require a bit more manual input. A cleanly laid out Word document is a good place to start and is compatible with most platforms. Before you upload your book, you’ll need to decide what metadata you will tag it with. Metadata are things like your book title, subtitle, author name, book description, and the categories and keywords with which you will tag your work, to will help people find your book when they search for a specific genre or topic. Check what your chosen platform’s metadata requirements are so you are well-prepared with optimal choices when the time comes to upload your book to their system. Once your self-published book is uploaded and ready for people to buy, it’s time to shout about it from the rooftops. Create yourself an online presence where you can engage with your audience – Facebook, Twitter and Instagram accounts are great places to start, and all can be set up for free. You can even create yourself a free website using services like Wix, Weeblyor WordPress, which have professional-looking built-in templates and easy-to-use interfaces. If you have a marketing budget, Facebook offers you a low-cost way of sending targeted ads to other users. What is vanity publishing and why should I avoid it? Vanity publishing (aka vanity press or subsidy publishing) is a form of self-publishing where the publisher asks you to pay them an up-front fee to get your book printed. The fee covers their production costs, plus a profit margin. Typically, they’ll accept any manuscript, regardless of quality, and will put in little to no effort to market your book, because they’ve already made their money. It’s unlikely your vanity-published book will ever make it into a bookstore, and you will struggle to recoup your investment. Many authors have lost thousands of dollars on vanity publishing. Remember, legitimate publishers will never ask you for money. They’ll only accept your book if they think that it’s great and they can market it. Then they’ll shoulder all the financial risk of getting it published. It’s in their best interests for your book to do well, because if it doesn’t sell, they don’t make their money back. In short, if you are approached by a publisher who invites you to submit your manuscript, asks you to pay them, and is vague about what they will deliver - don’t reply. It’s almost guaranteed to be a scam. So, now you know the next steps, and the traps to avoid, what are you waiting for? It’s time to get your book published!    About the author: Claire Wilkins is a freelance copywriter and editor from New Zealand. She loves to write about travel, health, home, and proper punctuation. After a career in financial services spanning almost three decades, Claire left the corporate world behind to start Unmistakable - her writing and editing business. She creates website copy, blogs, and newsletters for creative agencies and small businesses, and specialises in polishing existing content until it shines. In her spare time, Claire enjoys cloud-spotting, singing in the car and editing video.

The Causes and Effects of Water Pollution in Lake Huron Essay

The Causes and Effects of Water Pollution in Lake Huron - Essay Example Lake Huron suffers from a number of water pollutants that have greatly affected its flora and fauna as well as the freshness of its water. The lake endures point source pollution from industrial wastes and non-point pollution from fertilizer and pesticide runoff from surrounding farms. These pollutants result in adverse effects that contaminate soils, reduce the quality of its water and damage its ecosystem. The damage from pollution in this lake has harmful repercussions on the wildlife, fishes and human beings that depend on water from this lake. Point-source pollution This refers to the direct source of contamination in Lake Huron. This is often done when pipes or vessels direct their toxic wastes directly into the lake. Initially, paper and pulp industries located around the lake believed that water could dissolve anything and, thus, neutralize the toxicity of their wastes (Shear, 2006). This resulted in the companies dumping most of their wastes such as mercury into the lake. Ot her industries dump their wastes that contain harmful chemicals, heavy metals, organic toxins and oil by products into Lake Huron. In the recent past, fecal matter has been observed in the lake. This means that sewerage companies are directing wastes into the lake as well. This has resulted in the increase of harmful and disease causing bacteria in the lake. At the same time, the sewerage and other inorganic and organic wastes disposed off in the lake have resulted in a decline in the quality of Lake Huron’s water. Non-point source pollution This is pollution that does not come from a specific location. The most prevalent non-point source of pollution in Lake Huron is pesticide and fertilizer runoff. There are a number of farms surrounding Lake Huron. These farms depend on the lake for water that is vital for irrigation of the vast horticultural farms due to its constant and never-ending supply. These farms make use of a number of fertilizers and pesticides that are used to e nhance crop growth. However, the chemicals used in making these fertilizers and pesticides are often washed down from the crops by rain or irrigation water. These chemicals find their way into the lake through rivers and stream that empty their waters in the lake (Shear, 2006). This often results in the influx of harmful chemicals that greatly affects the lake’s ecosystem as evidenced by the large number of sea birds that are found dead along the lake’s shoreline. The fishes caught from this lake also have a lot of harmful chemicals in them. Residential waste Household waste has become one of the greatest Lake Huron pollutants. Residential wastes that contain organic or inorganic waste and detergents are major contributors to the lake’s water pollution. Organic waste is one which can be decomposed by bacteria such as fruit and vegetable remains. Inorganic waste includes wastes such as leather, plastic, paper, glass, fabric, metals and wood among other wastes whi ch do not decompose. These wastes cannot be broken down through the help of bacteria and is often referred to as non-biodegradable (Shear, 2006). Detergents are also not broken down easily by bacteria. This means that they remain active for prolonged periods after getting into the fresh water lake. This leaves the water polluted and results in the poising of aquatic organisms such as fish, birds and plants that reside in Lake Huron. Human and animal wastes

HSA 530 week 2 db1 adn db2 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

HSA 530 week 2 db1 adn db2 - Coursework Example With HR function changing in recent years, a lot of responsibilities have shifted from the higher line to the line managers, activities like recruitment and subject setting are done by the line managers. Further, the drive towards individualization of the employment relationship has placed a new dimension of responsibilities on the shoulders of line managers. Among them is the emergence of collective pay, pay awards that are related to individual performance; which have made the role of line managers increasingly influential in HR. Research has found that where employees have a positive relationship with their front line managers, their likelihood of job satisfaction is high, commitment and loyalty; which are associated with high levels performance in turn (Fallon, JR &McConnell, 2012). The availability of Human Resource (HR) manager in a healthcare facility is very essential for the provision of essential services to the customers. The HR manager has a couple of important roles that they play in the running of the healthcare facility and some of those roles are discussion briefly in this section. First, they are responsible for staffing and placement as they advise the management on the best candidates for various positions and the right workforce needed for the facility. Their roles also extend to legal research on healthcare to find out on the rules and regulations that govern healthcare employees. Management of employees and decision-making are other responsibilities of the HR managers and this shows how important these managers are in the healthcare facilities today (Fallon, JR &McConnell, 2012). Human Resource Management has various functions as it has been noted in the above segments, but the most important function of HR in my opinion is the Organizational Development (OD). OD can be defined as an intentionally or deliberately planned approach to enable an organization increases its efficiency for the

Talent Management In Current Economic Conditions Management Essay

Talent Management In Current Economic Conditions Management Essay INTRODUCTION: The present global economy has not only created a complex but dynamic environment as well and the firms need to learn how to compete effectively and efficiently in order to achieve viable growth. (Briscoe et al, 2009 and Friedman, 2005).But one of the greatest obstacles for the success of an organization is due to shortage of workforces with needed enthusiasm and competencies. Even in the period of recession talent management practices have been put aside in order to cut cost. However it is at this time that the strategies of the company should be reassessed and practices of talent management should be encouraged. The organization needs to ensure, in order to have success, that they are having right people with the needed qualities at the right time and in right location. (U.S. Department of the Interior Office of Personnel Policy, 2001) In this essay I would be explaining the meaning of talent management, along with a history (in the appendix) and then I would be critically analyzing the importance of talent management in current economic conditions followed by a conclusion and the learning outcome. TALENT MANAGEMENT: There is no proper definition of talent management as each organization thinks differently. To some organization it is about managing the highly talented individuals having specialized skills which helps the organization to withstand the market and for the others it is about managing the talent i.e. all people have talent and it should be identified and then to train them as per the requirement of the organization. Most of the talent management decisions are done based on core competency of an organization and the skills required for the particular position. Thus talent management is basically a recruitment of people both internally as well as externally, developing them in line with the organizations current business goals, and then promoting and retaining those people for the future business goals. These all functional aspects are done by human resource department who work in line with the companys business goals. (Sundararajan, 2009) ROLE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT IN CURRENT ECONOMIC CONDITIONS: In the current economic downturn most of the organizations around the world have taken tough decisions in terms of managing their talent. Most of the companies has slashed jobs, reduced training and development budget on their staff and have put talent management programmers on hold or have cancelled. The HR professionals are put under pressure by the companies to cut cost. (Bersin, 2008) Even the demographics are considered to be an important for success of an organization and are also the main driver for talent management challenge. Nearly 70 million baby boomers are expected to stop working in U.S. in the next 15 years and only 40 million workforce are expected to retire in the similar period, thus creating a shortage of workers. (Adecco, 2008). All the above shows that how significant is talent management practices and the job which HR plays is a launch pad of talent mindset. But the companies, thinking of bright future prospects have taken a positive approach towards their business and also managing their talents in the  present economic downturn. The companies which have implemented well controlled talent management programs have not only helped the company to overcome short term business challenges but it has relocated the company to achieve long term success and growth. It also has helped the organizations to increase their profits by employing the right people at the right time. (Deloitte,2009). A recent survey conducted by Bersin Associates(2009) have shown that the organizations which have implemented talent management programs have achieved a 60% higher return as compared to the organization that have not implemented it. Thus the organizations have felt the importance of effective talent management processes and have focused more on retaining their highly skilled people and reviewing their systems to ensure that they have maximum return on inve stment. There is an important requirement of knowledge workers, in an organization, having precise skills which are developed through extensive learning and guidance. These workers have created an essential impact on the success of the company. (Jackson,Hitt and DeNisi, 2003). Most of the organizations require constant innovative products to satisfy the needs of the customer. These can be done only through the workforces of the company. This shows that how the talent management practice is crucial to success. Even most of the multinational organizations have felt the need of these workforces and for these they are moving to other countries to recruit and hire talent people. They always look out to enter into new markets as quickly as possible before their competitor does as this helps them to hire the best talent at best prices which helps the organization to remain competitive in this global environment.(Schuler Jackson, 2009) The talent management programs are vital for an organization as it brings a greater long term benefits as compared to short term benefits. Thus the organization needs to have a long term mindset which is crucial in period of economic instability as it brings benefits to the organization than cutting cost in the short term. SHORTCOMINGS OF TALENT MANAGEMENT: As per Cappelli, the large corporations especially in U.S. talent management practices have become dysfunctional leading to the failure of its practices. The main two reasons for its failures are firstly the surpluses of employees during downturn leading to layoffs and reshuffle and secondly the lack of adequate talent resulting in talent crisis. (Cappelli, 2008) The talent management practices in U.S. were done in two ways that were equally ineffective and fruitless. The most regular practice done by the U.S. companies is that they never did anything nor made any plans to combat the crisis of talent. Thus whenever they require a new talent or any employee leaves the job, they relied on outside hiring to fulfill the gap of talent which proved to be costly.(Cappelli,2008) The second approach which is commonly used among older companies is that they relied on multifaceted and authoritative models of 1950 for forecasting and succession planning. This legacy system proved to be a great success when the business was predictable. But in the present economic conditions, where the environment is unstable and unpredictable, it was very tough to have a long term succession planning.(Cappelli, 2008) The companies could not forecast of how many employees would be staying with them once the development program was completed. Thus whenever an important vacancy occurs, the candidate identified as a successor may not be able to meet the needs of the job because of the unstable environment. The company then searches for the talent from outside to fill the gap. This outcome resulted to have a negative impact. Firstly the candidate feels betrayed as the succession plan creates an implicit promise and secondly the investment made in developing these candidates is wasted.  (Cappelli,2008) As per Cappelli, the survey conducted shows that nearly two third of the American companies are not doing any sort of manpower planning nor predicting how many employees are required and the advice they got was to return to the traditional practices of 1950s and create a long term succession plans. For implementing these plans they need to ensure that some sort of planning are done or else the company may have to depend on outside hiring to fill those gaps. The problems related to outside hiring is that it led to the problem of retention of current workers as they feel demoralized and also the cost of hiring a new employee is also very high. (Cappelli, 2008) IMPACT OF ECONOMIC CRISIS ON TALENT MANAGEMENT: Whenever an economic crisis occurs, the first and foremost which the organization does is to make deep reductions in cost by eliminating jobs and also eliminating any cost related to recruitment and professional development. Even the learning and development budget gets reduced. This results in two different scenarios: firstly the people get promoted without having necessary talent, knowledge or exposure to execute the roles effectively and secondly the studies have shown that the employees greatly value the growth of their own talent and thus plummeting the training and budget cost. This results in reduced self-esteem and act as a de-motivator for the employee and it also leads the employee to leave their job.(Insight Research, 2009) Most of the organizations have downscale their business by removing the workforces mainly due to global economic and financial conditions. The research conducted in the area of talent management have reflected that the impact of loss was not felt initially but later on it did make the organization to realize their mistake, when they had no employee with the required knowledge and skills to either foresee or solve problems that occurred. (Collins Mellahi,2009) Finally whenever a crisis occurs the managers shouldnt forget about talent management practices. They should take time to vigilantly re-evaluate their talent management strategy and make sure that they are using their largest talent their staff- as effectively as possible.(Street,2008) CONCLUSION: The most novel way to manage the talent is to use the four values drawn from the operations of supply chain management .The two of them address the improbability in the demand side and the other two addresses the supply side. Make and Buy to Manage Risk: having too much of employees are expensive. So the best way to combat such problems is to develop less candidates than the future requirement and if there is shortfall of talent then it can be hired from outside. The organization must carefully review where to put their assets as some positions can be easily crammed by outside talent.(Cappelli,2008) Adapt to the uncertainty in Talent demand: the actual requirement of talent in future is uncertain and hence the company should employ the demand in shorter groups. Then these groups are selected in regular interval thus putting fewer burdens on the management and also the employees are given general common training to all, and then they are send them back to their jobs to specialize.(Cappelli,2008) Improve the return on investment in developing employees: In order to improve the ROI, the employees should be made to bear the cost of development which helps the employees to gain knowledge. It can also be that the employees may be asked to do work on certain projects on freely basis. And the most important part is to maintain the relationship with the former employees, so that when they return back to job they bring back your ROI in the form of skills.(Cappelli,2008) Preserve the Investment by balancing the Employee-employer relationship: the employees can leave the job if they find better prospects. The best way to retain these employees is to maintain a relationship by having him share the advancement decisions.(Cappelli,2008) BIBLIOGRAPHY: Brscoe, D., Schuler, R. and Claus,E.(2009), International Human Resource Management 3rd Edition, Routledge London.[ONLINE] Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6W5M-4XK321Y-1/2/814a88aaea2c415c71975e14a443484e?zone=raall. (Accessed on: Friedman, T.L., The World is Flat, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, New York. [Online]. Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6W5M-4XK321Y-1/2/814a88aaea2c415c71975e14a443484e?zone=raall. (Accessed on: U.S. Department of the Interior Office of Personnel Policy(2001), Workforce Planning Instruction Manual, Available at: http://www.doi.gov/hrm/WFPImanual.pdf. (Accessed on: Sundararajan(2009), Emerging Trends of Talent Management and Challenges of HRM ,[ONLINE] Available at: http://www.articlesbase.com/human-resources-articles/emerging-trends-of-talent-management-and-challenges-of-hrm-957837.html.(Accessed on: Bersin,J. (2008), Talent Management: State of the Industry, Human Resource Executive [Online], Available at: http://www.hrexecutive.com/HRE/story.jsp?storyId=98598263query=talent%20management.. (Accessed on: Tarique, I. and Schuler, R.S. (2009), Global Talent Management: Literature Review, Integrative Framework and suggestions for further research, Science Direct, [ONLINE], Available at : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6W5M-4XK321Y-1/2/814a88aaea2c415c71975e14a443484e?zone=raall. (Accessed on: Adecco(2008), The next decades talent war, [ONLINE], Available at: http://www.dgfp.de/perdoc/document.php?id=81143. (Accessed on: Schuler, R.S., AND Jackson, S.E. (2009), The Global Talent Management Challenge: Drivers and HR actions for Attaining and Sustaining Global Competitive Advantage Science Direct, [ONLINE], Available at: http://www.dgfp.de/perdoc/document.php?id=81143. (Accessed on: Mellahi,K. and Collings, D.G.,(2009), The barriers to effective global talent management: The example of corporate elites in MNEs, Science Direct, [ONLINE], Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL_udi=B6W5M-4XJW048-2_user=8742368_coverDate=10/29/2009_rdoc=1_fmt=high_orig=search_sort=d_docanchor=view=c_searchStrId=1211489006_rerunOrigin=google_acct=C000009999_version=1_urlVersion=0_userid=8742368md5=4c47e726a2ba56294846ce945e8801ef. (Accessed on: Ready, D.A. and Conger, J.A. (2007), Make your company a talent factory, Harvard Business Review, [ONLINE], Available at : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL_udi=B6W5M-4XJW048-2_user=8742368_coverDate=10/29/2009_rdoc=1_fmt=high_orig=search_sort=d_docanchor=view=c_searchStrId=1211489006_rerunOrigin=google_acct=C000009999_version=1_urlVersion=0_userid=8742368md5=4c47e726a2ba56294846ce945e8801ef. (Accessed on: Deolitte(2009), Balancing talent strategies in difficult times, Available at : http://rss.hsyndicate.com/file/152003927.pdf. (Accessed on: Bersin Associates And Centre for Creative Leadership Industry Study(2009), High Impact Succession Management, Available at: http://www.centerforcreativeleadership.com/leadership/pdf/research/HighImpactSuccessionManagement.pdf. (Accessed on: Jackson, S.E., Hitt, M.A. and DeNisi, A. (2003), Managing knowledge for sustained competitive advantage, [ONLINE], Available at: http://www.dgfp.de/perdoc/document.php?id=81143. (Accessed on: Cappelli, P.(2008), Talent Management for the Twenty first century, Harvard Business Review,[ONLINE], Available at: Moodle of the University of Glasgow.(Accessed on: Insight Research(2009), Perspectives of talent management in challenging times, Available at: .http://www.accaglobal.com/documents/talent_management.pdf. ( Accessed on: Street, M.(2008), Talent management in a Recession , Available at: http://www.management-standards.org/client_files/Talent%20management%20in%20a%20recession.pdf. (Accessed on:

Aspects of Creative Work

Aspects of creative work: Fallingwater by Frank Lloyd Wright A creative work is a manifestation of creative effort such as artwork, literature, music, paintings, and software. Creative works have in common a degree of arbitrariness, such that it is improbable that two people would independently create the same work. Creative works are part of property rights. A creative work depends on how you look at that particular art. Every art or craft is not creative for us or for everyone.When we say something is creative we always have some reference. If one says a building is creative we always compare it with all principles of design whether it is in harmony or contrast with the surroundings or if it is balanced or the whole building is in unity or not. I have tried to understand aspects of creative work by studying Frank Lloyd Wright’s Fallingwater. In 1933, Kaufmann’s asked Frank Lloyd Wright to design a new weekend house in Bear Run, a stream which flows at 1298 feet above sea level and then breaks to fall about 20 feet.Kaufmann’s needed a year round weekend house, with all modern conveniences, away from the highway and closer to the waterfalls. Instead of designing a house which overlooks waterfalls, Wright designed a house on the waterfalls. Wright says,† I think you can hear the waterfall when you look at the design. 1 When Wright first drew sketch of the house he imagined a house with series of terraces or ledged which would appear to be mere extension to the cliff. These reinforced 1 Wright, in a conversation with Hugh Downs at Taliesin, copyright 1953 by the National Broadcasting Company.Aspects of creative work: Theory of Conservation Submitted by: Manasi Pundlik, Code: AC-0212 Page 1 concrete cantilevered terraces were anchored to the rock and thus it was placed between the rocky outcrop and the stream, parallel to an old wooden bridge. The house was conceived as a living space projecting above the falls and into the forest, simil ar to the ledges of rock along the cliffs, and beneath the stream. 2 Initial sketches of the house 2 Frank Lloyd Wright’s Fallingwater, the house and its history, copyright 1993 by Dover Publications, Inc.Aspects of creative work: Theory of Conservation Submitted by: Manasi Pundlik, Code: AC-0212 Page 2 First floor plan Second floor Plan Aspects of creative work: Theory of Conservation Submitted by: Manasi Pundlik, Code: AC-0212 Page 3 Third floor plan There were four boulders on northern side of the stream, Wright placed living room floor above one of the boulder. Spaces inside the house were framed by five nearly equal bays. West bay defined the kitchen and two bed rooms above. Two middle bays after that formed the central space of the living room.Mrs. Kauffmann’s room was on first floor and a long gallery at the third level was provided above the living room in the middle bay. The Fourth bay or east bay defined sky lighted study area, principle entrance and stairs, while guest room was built over the eastern bay above the main entry and staircase. The fifth and the last bay encompassed the east living room terrace and the entrance loggia. South Elevation Aspects of creative work: Theory of Conservation Submitted by: Manasi Pundlik, Code: AC-0212 Page 4West Elevation The terrace besides the west living was cantilevered past the line of the west kitchen wall and thus the monotonous and simplistic expression of the bay module was avoided, enhancing the drama of cantilever. On the ground floor a pool kind of space was created this can be accessed by floating staircase. The pool was constructed as per clients wish, it could have been constructed anywhere, but Wright placed it in such a way that as if it is part of the stream. Floating staircase adds to the feeling of one big flowing space from where you cannot separate nature from the building.The cantilevers in the house already appeared everywhere at Bear Run, not just in the rock ledges, but in the long green leaves of the laurel and rhododendron. 3 Wright said that he saw them as a profoundly natural principle. With little sense of its latent poetry or expressive potential and with imagination the cantilever could be turned into the most romantic and free of all structural principles. These cantilevers appear as if they are the driving boards, their one end is anchored to the boulder and other end extends out into space with no vertical support underneath its free end.These series of cantilevers rest on three bolsters and they rise from the edge of the stream as if on tiptoe in support of the cantilevered slab of the first floor. Even if the house has an overriding strong horizontal force expressed through series of terraces it never feels out of place and it never tries to empower itself from the nature. The series of terraces appear as if they are floating on the stream. Even the material used for construction is justified in every sense.Sandstone used gels with the sur roundings which was quarried about 500 feet west of the waterfalls and due to the rough shifting manner it appeared as if they are coming out of the rocky outcrop. Wright was inspired from nature and by using glass in windows and walls he created a space which is inseparable from its surroundings. Glass gave different perspectives form inside as well as from outside. In the daytime it becomes very reflective and appears as mirror like surface created by still and clear pond water, while in the night glass appears as if it disappeared.The bold projecting cantilevers are made of reinforced concrete but they echo the rocky landscape. New material helped Wright to build large floating terraces. Even the colours which were used like the pale ochre colour given to the beams matched with the back of a fallen rhododendron leaf. 3 Frank Lloyd Wright’s Fallingwater, the house and its history, copyright 1993 by Dover Publications, Inc. Aspects of creative work: Theory of Conservation Su bmitted by: Manasi Pundlik, Code: AC-0212 Page 5When Wright visited the site for first time every aspect of the building to be constructed was clear to him. He imagined and designed the house then and there itself in his mind. Every little detail in the house adds to the exquisite designing. The whole idea to live around the stream and not just look at it from a distance is fascinating. Mr. Kauffman loved the stream but no one ever thought of building a house there. Wright very modestly says that â€Å"by way of concentrated thought, the idea is likely to spring into life all at once and be completed eventually with the unity of a living organism. 4 Thus when I studied the architectural and structural aspects of Fallingwater I realized how the architect was inspired from the setting and how he imagined the building in first site visit and he never deviated from that imagination. His principle of organic architecture can be seen in every aspect of the building from choosing the site , designing flowing spaces which follow function too, to choosing right materials to express it. Use of natural material like sandstone so that the building becomes part of the landscape, and use of modern material like reinforced concrete for structural stability and strong and bold form of terrace.Entrance to the site was so thoughtful that while crossing the wooden bridge and approaching the entrance of the house you get a feeling of uphill journey into a private territory, even though the entrance was at an elevation only six inches higher than the bridge roadway. By understanding all these aspects one can realize the cultural significance of the building. After industrial evolution and emergence of modern architecture, concepts of cultural significance are changed. It doesn’t mean that we don’t respect our cultural heritage, but it forces us to understand significance in different erspective. These examples we study in Indigenous traditional architecture and that we study in modern architecture have very different significance. Modern architecture like Fallingwater has cultural significance because it shows us how lifestyle of India as well as whole world has changed over time. How architecture changed over time. How our culture and architecture evolved due to British rule and also due to exchange of ideas and culture. When we are studying about conservation all these aspects are very important to understand a building. Wright, in the Architectural Forum, 94 (Jan. 1951), p. 93 Aspects of creative work: Theory of Conservation Submitted by: Manasi Pundlik, Code: AC-0212 Page 6 Replica and memory: Frank Lloyd Wright’s Fallingwater Frank Lloyd Wright was an American architect, born in Richland Center, Wisconsin. His mother, Anna Lloyd Wright had a great influence in shaping of his life.. Things which he learned on his uncle’s farm helped him to relate to nature. The architectural style which he developed has a strong belongingness to nature.In initial practice Wright worked with Louis Sullivan and his principle of Form follows function is also seen in Wright’s work. Inspired from principles of Sullivan he created his own style inspired from nature i. e. Organic Architecture, an American style in architecture that even influenced the best European builders of the 20th century. For Wright, organic architecture should incorporate: †¢ †¢ †¢ Designs based on nature Natural building materials and, Architectural plans that integrate buildings with natureA classic example of organic architecture, Fallingwater, created in 1936, at Bear Run, Pennsylvania, showcases Wright’s skills and his command on his imagination. The client Mr. Kauffman wanted to build a weekend country house near Bear Run stream where he and his family can enjoy the fall. When Wright visited the site he had something different in mind. He knew that the Kauffmann’s loved the stream, so instead of designing a house which overlooks the stream he designed a house where you can live in the stream and enjoy every bit of it.The whole structure is built such that it never tries to empower itself from nature. It sits quietly on the rocks as if it belongs there. This dynamic building is suspended over a fall, which pours down from underneath one of Wright’s bold projecting terraces. The building seems to grow out of the landscape. Flowing spaces, extended terraces besides the living and dining rooms brought nature into the house. Even though a modern material like reinforced concrete was used for constructing terraces it merged with the surroundings as if they were part of the rocky site.Glass used for walls and windows, pale ochre coloured sandstone used all added belongingness. Sandstone used for construction was queried from nearby site Fallingwater is both integrated into the landscape and designed to echo the shapes of the landscape where it is nestled. Wright allows a boulder from the si te to penetrate the floor of the house, so that the natural rock foundation actually merges with the interior of the house. This boulder forms the living room fireplace. With this design element, Wright blends rock, fire and water.Aspects of creative work: Theory of Conservation Submitted by: Manasi Pundlik, Code: AC-0212 Page 7 Wright embeds his building supports into solid rock and even manages to build around nature, totally integrating his structure into the natural landscape. For instance, Wright actually built around a tree, incorporating the tree into the design of his building. The extreme union of human habitat and natural world is visible in the stairs that are suspended directly over the falls. These stairs go nowhere they simply allow people to experience the falls and be in direct contact with nature.Glass windows in the living room , extended beams on the second floor which act as trellis beams for first floor and all such small details emerge from Wrights inspiration of bringing nature into the building, so that the building is part of nature and the people living inside should also feel the same way. That is what organic architecture is. Replica – Dictionary Meaning: : an exact copy or model of something Memory: the faculty by which the mind stores and remembers information, a person or thing remembered, the length of time over which one can remember things. Every artist tries to interpret nature in its own way. Some get inspired from some form of flower or any form which exists in nature, some understand nature and try to relate their understanding of nature by reinterpreting it. Some try to interpret on paper, some by composing music, some by building, but basic concept is same to understand nature. In terms of architecture, Frank Lloyd Wright felt the need of relating his structures with the nature. He tried to interpret nature by evolving his architectural style which was close to nature.Replica means a model which is inspired from s omething which belongs to nature and had gone through a process of evolution. It can never be exactly same as the inspiration but the essence remains. When a model lacks spirit, essence and inspiration it is merely a copy. Replica cannot be studied in isolation of its context. Context, cultural significance is very important to understand from where the artist got its inspiration. 5 Ed. Catherine Soanes, Oxford dictionary thesaurus, Oxford university press, New York (2005) Aspects of creative work: Theory of Conservation Submitted by: Manasi Pundlik, Code: AC-0212 Page 8