Gap Analysis Student Engagement With Technology Essay

Gap Analysis: Student Engagement with Technology in U.S. Public Schools The practical application of technological tools in public schools across the United States has accumulated an excessive amount of both issues and benefits. The particular amount of funds spent on technological tools was prompted by a thought that children will be able to explore, evaluate and assess information much faster, effectively and positively due to the fact that technological advancement is evident on a global scale. This particular analysis will determine the learning gap that exists as a result of students’ lack of engagement with technology in public K-12 schools across the United States. It is no secret that technology plays a critical role in our society. In fact, it has become one of the most used items in the world, starting from personal computers and ending in smartphones, thus it was only a matter of time when educational institutions would start to utilize these gadgets in order to improve the overall state of current education. According to a U.S Departm ent of Education (UDE, n.d) report, all 48 states, including the District of Columbia are now offering online education. Additionally, the report states that these schools operate on all kinds of scales, including state scale, district scale and charter scale, thus it would safe to assume that the whole state of current education in the United States is large and the whole approach is clearly technology based. However, despite theShow MoreRelatedImproving The Work Force Of Apprenticeships820 Words   |  4 Pagesreaders by using the rhetorical analysis using logos, ethos, and pathos. Robert I. 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Irony in A Pair of Tickets and A Rocking Horse Winner

Ricardo Cortez Prof. P. Vedula English-1102 (60384) 04 July 2012 Rough draft with markups on irony in â€Å"A Pair of Tickets† and â€Å"A Rocking Horse Winner† Two of the many definitions of irony that I like are found on dictionary.com. The first definition states that irony is â€Å"incongruity between what is expected to be and what actually is, or a situation or result showing such incongruity† (â€Å"Irony†). The second defines Dramatic irony as †¦irony that is inherent in speeches or a situation of a drama and is understood by the audience but not grasped by the characters in the play† (â€Å"Dramatic irony†). In reading D.H. Lawrence’s short story â€Å"A Rocking Horse Winner† and Amy Tan’s short story â€Å"A Pair of Tickets†, I find elements within each piece†¦show more content†¦All of these ironies play a key role in helping the reader to relate to the characters and personalize each story. Both authors use verbal ironies at the end of each of their stories to great effect.. At the end of â€Å"A Rocking Horse Winner†, Paul rides his horse in such a heated frenzy that he causes his health to be greatly affected. He is in fact in a coma and dying. Paul regains consciousness long enough to learn that the last horse he picked towin does in fact win. Paul fulfills his wish to make his family rich with over eighty thousand pounds in winnings. As he looks at his mother, Paul’s last words before he dies are â€Å"I am lucky!† (Lawrence). In â€Å"A Pair of Tickets†, there is a verbal irony when June meets her sisters for the first time. It is ironic that her mother, whom she resented, often fought with, and was embarrassed by, becomes a part of the joyful reunion when the three sisters murmur, â€Å"Mama, Mama† as if she is among them (Tan). Both of these uses of verbal irony greatly humanize the main characters. Both authors also use death in situational irony at the end of their stories. Lawrence uses Paul’s death to create a terrible irony in â€Å"A Rocking Horse Winner†. What should have been a lucky turn of events instead is a tragedy for everyone involved. While Paul lay dying, he asks his mother if he ever told her he was lucky, referring to anShow MoreRelatedStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pagescustomers’ values had changed – in that they were ready for hard disks, better graphics, faster operating speeds and new software – who managed to cope with this new breakpoint. Others, however, were quickly forced out. It was therefore something of an irony that Apple appear not to have recognized the real value of the shift they had generated and, as a consequence, failed to capitalize upon it to the extent that they might have done. By contrast, Bill Gates of Microsoft saw the opportunities of graphicsRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesfrom Armenia. Previously a Group Manager. Worked hard to establish the Technical Services Phone Line, but now has pretty much left it alone. Office Administrator: Michelle Harrison, 41-year-old white female, single. Grew up on a ranch and still rides horses whenever she can. A strict administrator. There are a number of good folks here, but they don’t function well as a management team. I think Michael played favorites, especially with Janice and Leo. There are a few cliques in this group and I’m not

Assess the view that the main function of the education system is to reproduce and legitimise social inequalities free essay sample

The education system has faults and many inequalities throughout it. The inequalities can be seen in many different areas including, meritocracy, different social classes, gender and ethnic inequalities, racism, cultural capital, and repressive state apparatuses etc. Various sociologists have different views about the education system and what the inequalities consist of. The neo-Marxist Althusser (1971) disagrees that the main function of the education is the transmission of common values. He thinks that education is an ideological state apparatus and its main function is to maintain, Legitimate and reproduce, generation by generation, class inequalities in wealth and power by transmitting capitalist values disguised as common values. Althusser also believes that ideology is done subconsciously through the hidden curriculum. He thinks that the way schools are organized and the way the curriculum is taught means that working-class people are encouraged to conform to the capitalist system and accept failure and inequality within their class. Bowles and Gintis’s correspondence theory suggests that what goes in school corresponds directly to the world of work. Teachers are seen to be the bosses and pupils are like the workers, who work for rewards. However, Bowles and Gintis suggest that the success of the pupils is not entirely based on ability. The pupils who conform to the rules, rise above those who express attitudes or display behaviour which challenge the system. Schools reproduce sets of workers with the appropriate ways of being for the position that they come to occupy. This is why white middle-class pupils normally do better for themselves. This is hidden throughout education and people believe it is just meritocracy, so people blame themselves for denied success. Therefore the education system reproduces the inequalities and makes them seem fair. Reynolds (1984) criticizes Bowles and Gintis’s correspondence theory as he claims that the curriculum set in schools does not seemed design to teach the skills needed by employers. Brown (1997) suggests that businesses to this date have more creativity and teamwork which is far from what pupils are taught in schools with exams. Pupils are expected to compete in order to achieve better grades than their fellow classmates. There are huge class differences within the tripartite system. This consists of grammar schools for academically able pupils, technical schools, and secondary modern schools. Two- thirds of grammar school places are taken by middle-class pupils, and working-class pupils mainly attend secondary moderns. This suggests that being in a higher class gives the pupils more opportunities being at a grammar school, and suggests that they have higher academic abilities. Grammar schools have more facilities and will offer far more opportunities for the pupils, and as the pupils are from a higher class they will be able to afford any extra curricular activities or trips. Secondary moderns may not offer these things or may not have the same facilities so there is a big inequality. This is where material deprivation comes into place and families in the working class will suffer. If families are unable to afford uniforms, trips, transport to and from school, classroom materials and textbooks, it can lead children to be isolated and bullied, meaning their school work suffers. Marketization of schools means that there will be better resourced, oversubscribed schools in more affluent areas, while socially disadvantaged children are concentrated in a limited number of increasingly unpopular schools. Pupils that attend Grammar schools also know that they are more capably academic and therefore may strive to success with a good attitude. Pupils that attend secondary moderns may be more relaxed towards their work as they are not in an environment where they know they are doing well so will not be as determined as higher class students. This is a case of reproduction and causes the same classes to have a better education and have better paid jobs when they are older. Cultural disadvantages are also a major cause of inequalities throughout education. Education is mostly controlled by middle-class people, many whom are white. These who have these characteristics may be seen more positively and be more likely to succeed in the tests and exams created to assess their abilities. The 11+ has been criticized for middle-class bias. Being able to unscramble muddled up words to make a word is much easier for a child familiar with anagrams (as parents do crosswords). Research into language has identified class differences in spoken and written language which disadvantage working-class children. Middle classes do better as they use the preferred way of speaking. Cultural capital is used by Marxists to explain cultural influences on educational success. Bourdieu and Passeron (1977) suggest that middle-class culture is as valuable in educational terms as material wealth. Schools are middle-class institutions run by middle class. Knowledge, values, ways of interacting and communicating ideas that middle-class children possess are developed further and rewarded by the education system. Ethnic minority and working- class children may lack these qualities and therefore do not have the same opportunities to do well. Therefore in conclusion, it seems as though the main function of the education system is to reproduce and legitimise social inequalities. The education in this country systematically fails the majority of working-class pupils, whose likelihood is to end up in the same kind of working-class jobs as their parents. This reproduces the class structure from one generation to the next and doesn’t allow there to be any change, meaning it is harder for people within the working-class to break out of this class into the middle-class. The education system then legitimises these inequalities by claiming that every pupil has an equal chance to succeed.

Services Marketing

Australian Telecommunications Company has continued to expand to address the demands of the market. It has remained a key player in the country’s economic growth, having generated close to $37 billion in 2008 and $98 billion revenue in 2009. The industry has over five hundred thousand employees across the country, working in various capacities (IBISWorld, 2011).Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Services Marketing specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It has arguably been considered as a stimulant for employment in almost every sector of Australian economy. It has local and international companies which contribute to this tremendous global recognition. Among these are Optus and Vodafone which are considered as key players in the market. This paper gives a critique of the performance of these companies based on their weaknesses and threats with reference to the entire telecommunications industry in Australia. Vodafone is a UK-owned company and the leading telecommunications company around the world operating in more than twenty five countries including Australia. Vodafone Australia is the third largest Telecommunications Company in Australia, behind the giants Telstra and Optus. The company runs a GSM mobile network which is approximated to cover 92% of Australian market (Vodafone, 2011). It also boasts of a Globalster satellite which enables it to cover the entire population. Even as the company continues to thrive in an ever-expanding economy and market, it has had its fair share of weaknesses and threats triggered by intertwined factors in the telecommunications market. Vodafone Australia has experienced one of the worst network problems in the Australian market. Towards the end of 2010, the company registered pitiable quality in its calls, data speed, SMS reliability and voicemail services. It was faced with a class action suit for demonstrating incompetence in serving Australian pe ople. To maintain its business reputation, the company responded by blaming customers for using faulty software on their handsets and use of Smartphones (Vodafone, 2011). Although Vodafone CEO offered an apology, the interruption saw several customers terminate their contracts with the company to seek better services.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Additionally, expansion of the company has been achieved by direct regulation of its operations. Through mergers and acquisitions, the company has not realized organic growth. As a result, the company has a stable customer base at the expense of proper management of its subsidiaries (Vodafone, 2011). With its operational structure centered in UK, Vodafone Australia has failed to address needs of the market allowing effective competition from smaller companies. Moreover, Vodafone Australia continues to experience several thre ats as permitted by market trends and its ability to effectively serve Australians. Competition from major players and upcoming companies is seen as a major threat for the company. Telstra which is the leading player in the market, previously possessed by the government runs most of the copper network, offering landline, broadband and mobile services (Vodafone, 2011). Immense global penetration of internet companies further threatens Vodafone’s ability to penetrate the market in future. It is important to note that though saturated, the market still offers opportunities in terms of the aging population and changing needs for customers. Through strategic plans like simple phones and friendly pricing plans, the company stands a chance of favorably competing in market (IBISWorld, 2011). On the other hand, Optus is ranked second in Australian telecommunications market and is owned by Singapore Telecommunications Company. Headquartered in Sydney, Optus has retained SingTel service s and products like Boost Mobile, Virgin Mobile Australia, Uecomm and Alphawest (Optus, 2011). In serving its customers, the company runs its own network infrastructure together with the use of other companies’ services like Telstra Wholesale. It has two channels of service delivery where it directly serves customers in the market and as a wholesale agent for smaller companies.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Services Marketing specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The company also provides internet services through dial-up and broadband services. It mainly serves the government, business owners and residents of Australia. Like other players in the Australian telecommunications market, the company has weaknesses and continues to experience threats from a wide range of areas. Being owned by Singapore Telecommunications Company which has concentrated its operation in Australia, Optus is exposed to high comp etition from local players and other bigger players in the market. In addition, Optus is faced with management issues manifested through labor strikes experienced before (Optus, 2011). This affects its reputation in maintaining a competitive advantage and customer base. Lastly, service delivery has not been up to date with customers complaining of low network connection speed and Cable TV services. Even though the company is ranked second in Australian telecommunications industry, it faces stiff competition from Telstra and Vodafone among other key players and upcoming companies. It therefore suffices to mention competition as the company’s major threat. Nevertheless, Optus prides on a number of opportunities in the telecommunications industry. With ever-changing technology, the company has a chance to expand its service and product delivery in order to address the needs of its young customers. It also plans to increase its customer base through TV mobile services by the end of 2012 by use of FetchTV (Optus, 2011). Additionally, the company seeks to access government license to offer provisional satellite services that will cover Australian Broadband Network. This will win new customers across the country including remote regions which are not well covered by its competitors. In general, a survey of Australian telecommunications market indicates various viewpoints with regard to the performance of companies like Vodafone and Optus. It is evident that the two companies have weaknesses which have continued to affect their performances. Nevertheless, there are countless opportunities to be utilized in maintaining competitive advantage.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More References IBISWorld. (2011). Mobile Telecommunications Carriers in Australia: Market Research Report. IBISWorld. Web. Optus. (2011). Media Center. Optus. Web. Vodafone. (2011). Vodafone Company. Vodafone. Web. This assessment on Services Marketing was written and submitted by user Konnor Mclaughlin to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Services Marketing Executive summary Service quality is a very critical aspect of any business. The paper carried out researches on five service-providing firms. The firms included one bank, three restaurants, and a hospital. Many theories and models have been put in place to explain the subject of service quality. The paper links theories such as the attribution theory and equity theories, among others to the specified service encounters.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Services Marketing specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The researcher rated the service provided on a five-point rating scale. CERVICAL model also comes in handy in terms of analyzing the aspect of service delivery and quality. The paper also explains the researcher’s expectations together with what he thought the firm would have done at that point. The journal also required the researcher to recommend how employees or the firm would have improved on its servi ce provision. These journals were later on analyzed to give an insight into the practice of service marketing. First Service Encounter Various entries were made in a study of service marketing conducted on Joapick hotel on July 22, 2013, at 10.00 am. The researcher had a personal encounter with service providers in this restaurant. The entries were therefore likely to give accurate information about service provision in the restaurant. In this encounter, the researcher had purposed to understand the events and behavior of various front-line operators and employees that result in client dissatisfaction. The researcher had purposed to visit this restaurant to evaluate how it offers its service. In this entry, the service encounter involved one-on-one communication between the customer and the service-providing officer. For improvement of the delivery of restaurant services, the management should offer close employee supervision. Service provision could also be improved through increas ed employee commitment. Second Service Encounter The second journal entry was made at ANZ bank. The industry offered banking services to its clients. The entry was recorded on June 15, 2013, at 11.00 A.M. The encounter was also entered through a personal visit to the bank. The researcher decided to visit the bank due to its location. The bank was in proximity to the point where the researcher was working. It would therefore, easy for him to reach the bank. The researcher rated satisfaction with the service encounter at one in a five-point rating scale. The rating depended on the feelings of the client. The researcher felt that way because the front office operators had no organization ability, which resulted in delays in service delivery. The client felt that there were delays in service delivery. On the question of what the employee or the firm would have done to increase the level of client satisfaction, the journal indicated that the employees of ANZ bank would have been more ord erly in their service provision. To improve the service system of ANZ bank, bank management should apply job subdivision. The bank should also restructure its job design in a way that employees who are offering any service feel at the right positions in a bid to maximize their input and hence the overall yield of the bank.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Third Service Encounter The third journal was recorded from PPK restaurant, which is a service industry that provides food services to its clients. The data was recorded on July 2, 2013, at 10.00 A.M. The service encounter took place via telephone. The specific circumstance of the encounter was expectations. The researcher had expectations that the restaurant would provide better services owing to its high publicity. According to the journal, the rate of satisfaction with the service encounter was put at five on a five-poin t rating scale. This was the highest rating mark. The researcher recorded that the feeling of delight resulted from the fact that service providers were able to provide services on time. The services were also satisfactory to the customer. The researcher also suggested that the employee or the firm would have improved on their level of emotional labor to offer better services. From this journal, there is an indication that the service system required that employees need to do job training on emotional labor. Fourth Service Encounter The fourth journal entry form was filled from Making hospital. The hospital provides a variety of medical services to clients. This journal focused on services offered by nurses at Making hospital. The journal entry was made on July 30, 2013, at 10.00 A.M. The journal was recorded during a personal service encounter with the hospital nurses. This encounter resulted from the expectations of the researcher on the quality of services provided by the hospita l. The service encounter with this hospital was rated at two in a five-point rating scale. The researcher attributed this below-average performance to the fact that the service providing employees did not indicate much dedication to their duties and responsibilities. For example, nurses would respond to patients’ questions in a rude way. On the issues of what the hospital would have done to improve on the client’s level of satisfaction, the researcher asserted that it should have motivated its employees to enable them to offer the best qualities to the client. The researcher also suggested that the service provider should improve on employee motivation to make employees perfect their service provision ability. Fifth Service Encounter The fifth journal entry was entered from Small World Restaurant. The company provides catering services. The journal was entered on June 29, 2013, at 10.00 A.M. The service encounter happened through mail correspondence. The encounter was purposely planned by the researcher. The service encounter was rated at two on a five-point rating scale. The researcher attributed this rating to the fact that the restaurant took much time to respond to the mail and had little commitment to mail. The journal entry also indicated that the restaurant would have minimized delays in service delivery. The service system needs improvement in communication and training of employees on the best communication practices.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Services Marketing specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Analysis of service encounters The service encounters may be explained in several theories and models. Although some were related, there are also differences within these models. In the first service encounter, the three evident theories are the attribution theory, equity theory, and personal involvement. The attribution theory is used to explain human behavior and suit the first case based on the employee attitude at the work place (Bloemer, de Ruyter Peeters, 1998, p.276; Choi et al., 2004, p.913). Various models can be used to explain the behaviors of the employees in the first encounter, and the owner of the restaurant expresses a particular attitude to the employees. Caruana (2002, p. 811) states that the theory is important as it can be used to explain human behavior even in management and business. Equity theory also applies to the encounter, with the employees trying to fit in the workplace and appear to be doing equal tasks. However, they had little personal involvement, and this could be a significant factor for the performance of the business and the employee rating. The banking industry, as represented in the second encounter, displays several theories that are generalizable in other organizations. In this second encounter, disconfirmation of expectation paradigm is applicable. The encounter proves that employees are not always satisf ied with the services offered in organizations despite the positive feedback that this confirmation of expectations paradigm may provide. The encounter also includes a display of the conceptual model of service quality (Brown Meuter, 2000, p.138). Consumers have personal needs, experience and other sources of information to predict the services that they can get from institutions such as banks, and marketers should filling the gaps that exist in the satisfaction of these services. The SEQUAL model can also be applied here. Marketers should ensure that they participate in creating reliability, responsiveness, empathy, and assurance so that the clients are assured of quality services (Brady, Cronin Brand, 2002, p.17). The third and fifth encounters were both in restaurants, and the major values that were evident include the consumer expectation types. Consumers display varying expectations based on several factors. Desired expectations are displayed in the restaurants, with the mana gement having to use the marketing team to make sure the customers provide feedback on these expectations. The other forms of expectations that are evident include equitable and predictive expectations (Lovelock, Patterson Walker, 2011).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The fourth service encounter in MarieKing Hospital was crucial in displaying the different kinds of values in organizations, including perceived value, performance value, social value, emotional value, and interaction value. Though the clients in the institution displayed the values, the performance value and the social values were expressed in a significant way and applicable in the management of the institution. The reason for the application of the social value is mainly the nature of the institution that is meant to offer services without regard to client ability to pay for the services. The link between Theory and Practice The theories discussed above are applicable in management and business, and organizations apply them to ensure that they maintain a competitive edge in the respective markets. In the disconfirmation and expectation paradigm, employers can use surveys to ensure that the consumers are satisfied with the services offered by their organizations. The SEQUAL model also helps employers to gauge the service delivery quality in their respective organizations. This will be effective in making them improve their services. Chebat and Slusarczyk (2005, p.664) assert that the declining quality of service in service provision industry has been associated with poor training of employees. Consumers tend to stick to organizations that provide the best services as per their evaluations, and the service encounters discussed above are good examples of the same. Organizations can apply the 7 P’s of marketing in the form of price, place, product, promotion, people, process, and physical evidence to ensure that their products are rated highly. The product design, quality, and usability are some of the factors that they can alter in the output to ensure that it is appealing in the market (Bitner, Brown Meuter, 2000, p.138). The place of sale and the price at which the products are available should also be convenient to the customers, with the employees being trained on how to approach the target market. Physical evidence and promotion will be crucial in the determination of the availability of a particular product to the target market. The characteristic of services is some of the other links that exist between theory and practice in marketing. Marketers should aim at replicating the goals of the department in the field (Brady, Cronin, and Brand 2002, p.16), with the right measures being put into place for this. The theories in marketing provide a conceptual framework on which marketers can use to promote their products and organization. To ensure that the theory is applied, marketers and organizations need to plan and make the objectives of the particular department, with the employees being trained on the same (Pluta-Olearnik, 2011). The organizations should also carry out surveys to evaluate the efficiency of the applied theories and take relevant measures based on the findings (Cadogan et al., 2001, p.261). Decision-making pro cess in organizations should be consultative and inclusive, with members in all the working levels being involved (Nijssen Herk, 2009). Despite involving several employees, the decision-making process should also be fast enough to ensure that the relevant measures are taken in time. A service triangle involving consumers should also be established (Bendapudi Leone, 2002, p.83). The management should not be solely involved in decision making that is likely to involve other employees without consulting them first. Several factors influencing behavior in organizations include the culture in the organization, the social background of the employees, and the management, and the type of personalities within the organization. Employees and the management team can display differing behaviors based on the above factors (Brady Robertson, 2001, p.53). To ensure that the behaviors do not affect the output of the organization, an appropriate organizational culture should be cultivated. Concept ual Framework The conceptual framework of service delivery that is relevant in the above service encounters is mainly the working hypothesis and the descriptive types. Analysis of the literature on the same topic would provide adequate information for a descriptive study, and this would ensure that any gaps in the literature are filled and more models of evaluating service encounters are developed (Choi et al., 2004, p.913). The initial process of planning such a study would involve the assessment of the services discussed, and appropriate information gathered based on the existing theories and other literature on the same. Businesses need to ensure that marketing is an essential function, and such a framework would be beneficial (Schultz, Frederiksen Doerr, 2013; Bendapudi Leone, 2002, p.83). Marketing does not necessarily involve the presentation of the products and can be done even using other methods (Daunt Harris, 2012; Elsamen Alshuride, 2012). The conclusions of a study o n the service encounters above would go a long way in determining the efficacy in the marketing profession. Summary and Conclusion Service encounter has become a relevant field of study in the business world. The researcher carried out journal entries from various service providers. Analysis of various service encounters indicated that service provision in the world economy is still below average. The findings of the research indicated that factors such as poor communication, low motivation, and lack of proper training resulted in poor service quality. The research also found that service encounter quality has a direct impact on the level of customer satisfaction. Service encounter was also found to influence the perception of service quality. Reference List Bendapudi, N., Leone, P. (2002). Managing Business-to-Business Customer Relationships Following Key Contact Employee Turnover in a Vendor Firm. Journal of Marketing, 66(2), 83-102. Bitner, J., Brown, W., Meuter, L. (2000). Tec hnology Infusion in Service Encounters. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 28(1), 138-149. Bloemer, J., de Ruyter, K., Peeters, P. (1998). Investigating Drivers of Bank Loyalty: The Complex Relationship between Image, Service Quality and Satisfaction. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 16(7), 276-286. Brady, K., Robertson, J. (2001). Searching for a Consensus on the Antecedent Role of Service Quality and Satisfaction: An Exploratory Cross-National Study. Journal of Business Research, 51(1), 53-60. Brady, K., Cronin, J., Brand, R. (2002). Performance-only Measurement of Service Quality: A Replication and Extension. Journal of Business Research, 55(1), 17-31. Cadogan, W., Paul, J., Salminen, T., Puumalainen, K., Sundqvist, S. (2001). Key Antecedents to â€Å"Export† Market-Oriented Behaviors: A Cross-National Empirical Examination. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 18(3), 261-282. Caruana, A. (2002). Service Loyalty: The Effects of Service Qual ity and the Mediating role of Customer Satisfaction. European Journal of Marketing, 36(7/8), 811-828. Chebat, J., Slusarczyk, W. (2005). How Emotions Mediate the Effects of Perceived Justice on Loyalty in Service Recovery Situations: An Empirical Study. Journal of Business Research, 58(5), 664-673. Choi, S., Cho, H., Lee, S., Lee, H., Kim, C. (2004). The Relationships among Quality, Value, Satisfaction and Behavioral Intention in Health Care Provider Choice: A South Korean Study. Journal of Business Research, 57(8), 913-921. Daunt, K., Harris, L. (2012). Exploring the forms of dysfunctional customer behavior: A study of differences in servicescape and customer disaffection with service. Journal of Marketing Management, 28(1/2), 129-153. Elsamen, A., Alshuride, M. (2012). The Impact of Internal Marketing on Internal Service Quality: A Case Study in a Jordanian Pharmaceutical Company. International Journal of Business Management, 7(19), 84-95. Lovelock, H., Patterson, G., Walker , R. (2011). Services marketing. An Asia Pacific perspective (5th Ed.) NSW: Pearson Prentice-Hall. Nijssen, E., Herk, H. (2009). Conjoining International Marketing and Relationship Marketing: Exploring Consumers’ Cross-Border Service Relationships. Journal of International Marketing, 17(1), 91-115. This report on Services Marketing was written and submitted by user Alvin Mckinney to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Add-Adhd essays

Add-Adhd essays Attention deficit disorder is the subject of two widely challenged debates in medicinal practice and theory. One, the argument for ADD being a clinical and mental disorder, is in favor of medical treatment, claiming the diagnosis is attributable to brain damage or neurological defects. The second gives an alternative idea behind ADD, stating that people showing traits of the disorder often exemplify characteristics such as creativity, inventiveness, and even giftedness. As a rising percentage of children are being diagnosed with the disorder, more and more research has been called for, in an attempt to find an actual cause. ADD is classified as multi-factorial, meaning that multiple reasons are generally attributed to its development and diagnosis. A diagnostic criterion includes hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention. The intent of this paper is to provide arguments and evidence on both sides of the issue, followed by standard and alternative methods for dealing with ADD. The h istory of attention deficit disorder goes back to World War 1, when a number of soldiers who experienced head injuries demonstrated hyperactivity as a side effect. It was then that ADD was classified as a disorder related to either brain damage or a defect of some kind. It has been proven, however, that this is false. ADD or attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) can also be attributed to giftedness. Studies show that ADD is genetic and it runs in families. Years ago, only children exhibiting severe affects of hyperactivity were diagnosed, mostly because they suffered brain damage or trauma. Today, the diagnostic criterion has been expanded so that any underachiever, or inattentive child fits the bill. Subsequently, millions of kids in America are getting labeled as ADD. Most studies show that 3 to 5 percent of the population possesses attention deficit disorder. Symptoms related to the DSM-IV criteria, which includes inattention, impulsi...

The Paradox of Tragedy

The Paradox of Tragedy How is it possible that human beings can derive pleasure from unpleasant states? This is the question addressed by Hume in his essay On Tragedy, which lies at the heart of a long-standing philosophical discussion on tragedy. Take horror movies, for instance. Some people are terrified while watching them, or they don’t sleep for days. So why  are they doing it? Why stay in front of the screen for a horror movie?It is clear that sometimes we enjoy being spectators of tragedies. Although this may be an everyday observation, it is a surprising one. Indeed, the view of a tragedy typically produces disgust or awe in the viewer. But disgust and awe are unpleasant states. So how is it possible that we enjoy unpleasant states?It is by no chance that Hume devoted a whole essay to the topic. The rise of aesthetics in his time took place side by side with a revival of a fascination for horror. The issue had already kept busy a number of ancient philosophers. Here is, for example, what t he Roman poet Lucretius and British philosopher Thomas Hobbes had to say on it. What joy it is, when out at sea the stormwinds are lashing the waters, to gaze from the shore at the heavy stress some other man is enduring! Not that anyones afflictions are in themselves a source of delight; but to realize from what troubles you yourself are free is joy indeed. Lucretius, On the Nature of the Universe, Book II.From what passion proceedeth it, that men take pleasure to behold from the shore the danger of them that are at sea in a tempest, or in fight, or from a safe castle to behold two armies charge one another in the field? It is certainly in the whole sum joy. else men would never flock to such a spectacle. Nevertheless there is in it both joy and grief. For as there is novelty and remembrance of [ones] own security present, which is delight; so is there also pity, which is grief But the delight is so far predominant, that men usually are content in such a case to be spectators of the misery of their friends. Hobbes, Elements of Law, 9.19.So, how to solve the par adox? More Pleasure Than Pain One first attempt, pretty obvious, consists in claiming that the pleasures involved in any spectacle of tragedy outweigh the pains. Of course I’m suffering while watching a horror movie; but that thrill, that excitement that accompanies the experience is totally worth the travail. After all, one could say, the most delectable pleasures all come with some sacrifice; in this circumstance, the sacrifice is to be horrified.On the other hand, it seems that some people do not find particular pleasure in watching horror movies. If there is any pleasure at all, it’s the pleasure of being in pain. How can that be? Pain as Catharsis A second possible approach sees in the quest for pain an attempt to find a catharsis, that is a form of liberation, from those negative emotions. It is by inflicting upon ourselves some form of punishment that we find relief from those negative emotions and feelings that we have experienced.This is, in the end, an ancient interpretation of the power and relevance of tragedy, as that form of entertainment that is quintessential to elevate our spirits by allowing them to surpass our traumas. Pain is, Sometimes, Fun Yet another, third, approach to the paradox of horror comes from philosopher  Berys  Gaut. According to him, to be in awe or in pain, to suffer, can in some circumstances be sources of enjoyment. That is, the way to pleasure is pain. In this perspective, pleasure and pain are not really opposites: they may be two sides of the very same coin. This is because what’s bad in a tragedy is not the sensation, but the scene that elicits such sensation. Such a scene is connected to a horrific emotion, and this, in turn, elicits a sensation that we find in the end pleasurable.Whether Gaut’s ingenious proposal got it right is questionable, but the paradox of horror certainly remains one of the most entertaining subjects in philosophy.

The Accuracy of Eyewitness Testimony and Repressed Memories Essay

The Accuracy of Eyewitness Testimony and Repressed Memories - Essay Example Although many people rely on eyewitness testimony, there are a huge number of factors which can influence the way that a victim or other witness recalls the perpetrator of a crime. For example, the stress of being a victim of, or viewing, a crime can mean that some people remember certain elements more vividly or psychologically adapt the memory to make it more bearable (Loftus, 1994). Additionally, there is evidence that cross-racial identification issues, meaning that many eyewitnesses have proven difficulty identifying a perpetrator from a race other than their own (Buckhout, 1974). Pressure from law enforcement agencies can also make a difference, as those who cannot correctly remember the individual in question may feel forced to make a rash judgment that does not correlate with the real criminal (Loftus, 1996). Another common problem that comes from identifying a perpetrator comes from the fact that the witness usually assumes that the actual criminal is present in the line-up, and thus will feel forced to choose from one of those presented to him or her (Loftus, 1996). However, line-ups can be composed of a group of people that happen to fit the description given, or those who were in the area at the time and do not always contain the perpetrator (Loftus, 1996). Police and law enforcement can help to prevent this problem by giving line-up instructions that inform the witness of this fact and ensuring that the witness does not feel pressure to make an immediate judgment, although this does not always work in practice (Bernstein, Penner, Clarke-Stewart & Roy, 2011). It is also a common belief that people can repress memories of traumatic events and then later retrieve these memories (using counseling or otherwise), which could then be used in a court of law. This idea is still really controversial amongst psychologists, with some believing that there

THE MULTI-FACETED ROLE OF THE TEACHER Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

THE MULTI-FACETED ROLE OF THE TEACHER - Essay Example All countries are on the same boat in terms of increasing the quality of education in their respective countries. In this regard, the countries have set aside programs that augment the current educational background or expertise of the teachers. Specifically, the findings of both the McNair Report of 1944 and the James Committee of Enquiry in 1971 have focused on the improvement of the U.K. educational institutions. The two research findings indicate that the government’s priority is the recruitment of new teachers and the retention of currently hired teachers. Likewise, both reports show that the governments’ thrust is on the educational training of current as well as prospective teachers. However, the training of currently teachers has been placed on the backseat of car known as education. \ Further, the article clearly shows that the government and the educational organizations must focus on improvement of the teaching quality because the students are the hope of the nation. The same article clearly shows that the government should join in the plan to give the current and prospective teacher the best quality education training. The training will ensure that the child will grow up to be astute and law –abiding contributors to the education (Machin 2005). The article clearly shows the reality that the teacher should be trained make a difference in the growing child’s enthusiastic mind to learn the day’s lessons on how to survive the complex world outside the four walls of the classroom. The article also shows that the U.K. government’s role in the education process is to encourage the system where the teachers have a successful interaction with the students. In this regard, the government continues to help in the building and upgrading of school buildings and premises. Likewise, the government’s focus is to be

European balance Essay Example for Free

European balance Essay Analyze attitudes toward and evaluate the motivations behind the European acquisition of African colonies in the period 1880 to 1914. During the late 1800’s, Europe had a steady decline rate of available work, so Europe, as a whole, was looking for a way to improve overall. Many European countries look towards Africa to create new colonies for Europeans to better their own country. European’s attitudes towards Africa was Europeans were a superior race in comparison to Africans. Motivation was acquired from the help of strong nationalism to then acquire new land to build upon their country to improve its economy and create new available work. European nations all had different reasons to control parts of Africa. Chancellor Otto von Bismark said to his Countryman exploring in africa, â€Å"Your map of Africa is very nice, but my map of Africa is in Europe. Here is Russia and here is France, and we are in the middle. That is my map of Africa. † (Doc 3). He argues that he is focusing on Europe and he is only willing to establish colonies because France and Russia are doing it as well. Eugene-Melchior de Vogue, French diplomat, describes how the European balance of power is now becoming a world balance of power (Doc 10) in the book, The Master of the Sea. Nations would have to develope more colonies in Africa in order to stay visible to other bigger and powerful nations. Another way to show awareness and capability was to colonize Africa, Archibald Philip Primrose stated. (Doc 8). This statement makes it clear that Primrose was pro imperialism due to the political pluses that it provides. The belief of European nations have the right and is automatically entitled to go to Africa and occupy their land was stated by Martial Henri Merlin. (Doc 11). He believed that imperialism is the correct and the most important thing to participate in. This point of view is justifiable through the fact that is is indeed the Governor of Africa. Europe was always competitive especially when it came to the output of resources. A French diplomat who goes by the name Eugene Melchoir said that in order to stay competitive, you must go to far lengths. The colonization of Africa is changing europe from a balance of power to a world balance of power. Joseph Chamberlain a British industrialist, says directly in one of his speeches that economic improvement of countries is available through the process of colonization. If nations were to engage in colonization, there would be less unemployment, more trade, and an overall better economic environment. In conclusion, the motivations have a wide range and all correlate to one another. To maintain power, change and fix social and political issues, and stay competative were all prominent motivations.

Wartime Propaganda: World War I :: World War I History

Wartime Propaganda: World War I The Drift Towards War "Lead this people into war, and they'll forget there was ever such a thing as tolerance. To fight, you must be brutal and ruthless, and the spirit of ruthless brutality will enter into the very fiber of national life, infecting the Congress, the courts, the policeman on the beat, the man in the street." It is one of history's great ironies that Woodrow Wilson, who was re- elected as a peace candidate in 1916, led America into the first world war. With the help of a propaganda apparatus that was unparalleled in world history, Wilson forged a nation of immigrants into a fighting whole. An examination of public opinion before the war, propaganda efforts during the war, and the endurance of propaganda in peacetime raises significant questions about the viability of democracy as a governing principle. Like an undertow, America's drift toward war was subtle and forceful. According to the outspoken pacifist Randolph Bourne, war sentiment spread gradually among various intellectual groups. "With the aid of Roosevelt," wrote Bourne, "the murmurs became a monotonous chant, and finally a chorus so mighty that to be out of it was at first to be disreputable, and finally almost obscene." Once the war was underway, dissent was practically impossible. "If you believed our going into this war was a mistake," wrote The Nation in a post-war editorial, "if you held, as President Wilson did early in 1917, that the ideal outcome would be 'peace without victory,' you were a traitor." Forced to stand quietly on the sidelines while their neighbors stampeded towards war, many pacifists would have agreed with Bertrand Russell that "the greatest difficulty was the purely psychological one of resisting mass suggestion, of which the force becomes terrific when the whole nation is in a state of violent co llective excitement." This frenzied support for the war was particularly remarkable in light of the fact that Wilson's re-election had been widely interpreted as a vote for peace. After all, in January of 1916, Wilson stated that "so far as I can remember, this is a government of the people, and this people is not going to choose war." In retrospect, it is apparent that the vote for Wilson cloaked profound cleavages in public opinion. At the time of his inauguration, immigrants constituted one third of the population. Allied and German propaganda revived old-world loyalties among "hyphenated" European- Americans, and opinions about US intervention were sharply polarized.

The Roles of Women During the Progressive Era

When people think in back to the late 19th and early 20th century, many think of men fighting in war, working in harsh factories, or working on a farm. But what about the women at this time? Many people believe men played the most Important role In this era, but women were Just as equally helpful. If it weren't for what women did then, things would not be the same now. Women played Just as important roles as men did. Without women, men couldn't have done some of the Important things they did back in this time. The first major example of this was women volunteering their time to urse and aid injured soldiers during war, like the Civil War.Women started fundraising to raise money tor medical supplies, like door-to-door campaigns and performances of all kinds. But many women wanted to take a more active role in the war effort. Some tried to find their way to front lines of battles so they could care for sick and injured soldiers as soon as they could. When war called for more men, women took their job in the factories. Factory conditions were dangerous and rough. Working women spent up to twelve hours a day performing factory duties. Another role that was definitely underrated during this time. as the role of a housewife.This may not seem like hard work to some, but during this time being a housewife required a lot. Women made and cooked meals for their family. They had to clean and decorate the house. They sewed clothes, blankets, and draperies. They also had to watch over and raise their children, teaching them their manners and more. If their was an elderly person living in the household, the woman was to take care of them too. If their husband was away or ill, farm women had to harvest crops and plow and plant the fields on top of their other duties. Having a family and up-kept ousehold wouldn't be possible if it weren't for women.They were also plenty of roles women fllled that didn't necessarily Involve men. Some women became teachers. women were discouraged from pursuing higher education because it was culturally considered unnatural for a woman to be educated. Many women had a passion for education, and wanted to educate others, especially youth. For example, Maria Mitchell. She was the first women to be honored winning the election to the American Academy of Arts and sciences. she was given the offer of teaching at Matthew Vassar's school and became one of his greatest teachers. fortunately, most women women were expected to teach young children, while men could teach older ages, such as teenagers. Society said you could not teach and be married at this time it you were a woman. Because of these sexist expectations from mostly men, many women started advocating for women's rights and equality between genders. One of the most important advocates in leading the way for women's rights was Susan B. Anthony. She co-founded the first National Women Suffrage Association and women's rights journal, The Revolution.She also traveled tOf2 arou nd ne country, glvlng speecnes to large crowds aoout women's rlgnts women like her, we would not have the rights we have today. In society today, most people see men and women as equal genders. Women have more opportunities now then they ever have before. Still, any position of power is not usually expected to be a women nowadays. Even though women have proved to be strong, history showing us this, they are still seen as â€Å"weak† and â€Å"emotional† by many. Women were part of vital growth of this country. The roles they played back in time were Just as equally important as men's.

Business Ethics Assignment

Today’s fast moving; ever changing world is dominated by businesses. Cut throat competition, constantly upgraded versions and continuous research into producing the ‘bigger-and-better’ are all defining characteristics of the modern business world (Ferrell, 2006).But as big businesses look for more profit gaining measures, it raises the ever important question of corporate responsibility which is a current hot topic. With growing awareness, consumers now expect the businesses they deal with, to exercise this concept. But what exactly is it?(Hopt, 2003). The dictionary defines corporate responsibility as: â€Å"†¦is a form of corporate self-regulation integrated into a business model†¦ essentially, CSR is the deliberate inclusion of public interest into corporate decision-making, and the honoring of a triple bottom line: People, Planet, Profit. † Put more simply, corporate social responsibility or often called just corporate responsibility (CR) is a concept which states that all businesses operate with a certain predetermined goal such as maximizing profits or shareholder wealth etc.CR is the consideration businesses give to social, environmental impacts it creates when it operates to achieve a certain goal. CR takes sustainability into account. There are many reasons why the concept of CR has taken such increased importance in today’s world. The main reason is that businesses are now realizing that they do not have to win over only their shareholders and customers but also the general public (Vogel, 2006). Example your employees may be affected if you decide to close down certain operations. Effective human resource planning is therefore important.The environment may be affected if companies dump untreated sewage into rivers (the Hema Chemicals Company and the subsequent pollution of the Gujarat river case 2001, India) which is why almost all companies in first world countries now treat their waste before dumping it. A ll these issues are actively being considered by businesses today as many of them take into consideration all their stakeholders such as employees, suppliers, the local community, the government and environment instead of solely working to satisfy their own shareholders(Parkinson , 1995).There are many reasons why businesses should take CR into account. The principal reason is that today’s customer is more aware of his surroundings then the customers of bygone years (Ghillyer, 2006). Especially in the Western world, most of them prefer to be associated with businesses fulfilling their corporate social responsibility. An example over here is Anita Riddick’s Body Shop. The shop sells cosmetics with the promise that they are not tested on animals.It has achieved tremendous success ever since it first opened in the 1980s because customers do not mind paying a higher price if the business supports similar ethics as their own. This way businesses get a two fold advantage: th ey create their own USP in the competitive business world and are able to woo even more potential customers. Another reason is for especially big businesses to practice Corporate Social Responsibility is that there can be damaging consequences of ignoring it.Pressure groups, customers and even the government can request or even demand outright that a company change its practices. This point can be illustrated by the fact that consumers in the US began boycotting Shell petrol pumps in large numbers which ultimately led the petrol giant to reverse its stand on the disposal of an oil drilling platform. Also pressure was applied on Nestle Company when its practice of exploiting the market of processed milk in the developing countries of Africa came to light.The modern marketing concept of selling what the customers wants (as opposed to the outdated concept of product development where companies marketed without taking customer needs into account) also goes hand in hand with the CR conce pt. In fact the market for organic food came into being when farmers realized that customers want to eat fruits and vegetables which were not grown using pesticides harmful to both their health and the environment. Yet another advantage of businesses taking the concept of CR seriously is that governments often give incentive to businesses that have a good corporate governance record.Such businesses may not run into trouble with the law over regulations. Furthermore, with increasing awareness, job seekers often want to be associated with firms who have a good environmental and social record. A survey showed that new college graduates were often more keen to take jobs in companies which shared similar ethical values as their own. But like all issues, corporate responsibility also has its opponents. The major argument put forward by challengers of this concept is that it is the shareholder who invests money into the company and takes a risk (Leipziger, 2003).By taking a risk, the share holder demands certain returns in the form of profits by companies and practicing the CR concept reduces those returns. Milton Friedman supported this argument wholeheartedly. He believed that organizations had no responsibility beyond their legal ones and that social and environmental restrictions on corporations interfered with capitalism and free trade. He believed the tow to be incompatible. Another issue raised with organizations practicing this responsibility is the increased costs it creates.It costs more to treat and dump waste instead of simply dumping it. Similarly, it costs more to use environment friendly equipment and technology then to keep using plain, old fossil fuels. Companies argue this especially in relation to third world countries. Over there, it is more important to help them economically then spend resources trying to take into consideration the social, ethical and environmental aspects of their decisions. Indeed this argument carries weight as people in the Third World are not really aware of the corporate responsibility concept.Another argument against Corporate Responsibility is its questionable purposes. Opponents argue that it is not applied by businesses in it’s essence-instead it is only a marketing gimmick or a way to distract attention form their core operations (Wiggen, 2004). British Petroleum, McDonalds and tobacco companies have often been accused of such behavior. In fact McDonalds is famous worldwide for its good governance policies. But recently, a judge ruled that its food itself may lead to heart related diseases and other illnesses.In conclusion, it is important to decide whether the corporate governance being practiced today by companies should continue or not. In my opinion, corporate governance is a very good practice adopted by the businesses of today. Businesses should not only be concerned with profiteering and gaining on others expense. But having said this, acceptance of corporate responsibility by busi nesses can only be effective when businesses embrace it in its essence and not as a PR or marketing exercise aimed at gaining more consumers.Governments of the world should look into this matter and change the Corporate Responsibility code from a voluntary to mandatory one so all businesses are forced to adopt it. But businesses in third world countries should be given some space because it is true that if a mandatory code is made out of the concept of CR, such businesses may find it very hard to function at all. Such a code should be exercised more stringently with multi nationals so there is a lesser chance of them paying lower than the minimum wage, selling below standard items and polluting the environment.As the current recession has shown, profiting by any means will always lead to chaos and a certain ethical aspect to all business dealings is not only required but desperately needed. References Book Ferrell, O. C. (2006). Ethical Decision Making and Cases. Hopt, K. (2003). Co mpany Law. Vogel. (2006). The Market for Virtue. Parkinson, J. E. (1995). Corporate Power and Responsibility. Ghillyer, A. (2006). A Real World Approach. Leipziger, D. (2003). Corporate Responsibility Code Book. Wiggen, O. (2004). Effects Of Corporate Activity.

Round

Round Round Round By Maeve Maddox The word round is the ideal word to illustrate the fact that a word is not a part of speech until it is used in a sentence. Of the eight classic parts of speech–noun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction, pronoun, and interjection–round can function as five of them. 1. Round as Noun We speak of a round of golf and the rounds of a boxing match. We sing musical rounds like â€Å"Row, Row, Row Your Boat† and â€Å"Frere Jacques.† Shakespeare spoke of a king’s crown as â€Å"a golden round.† The steps of a ladder are called rounds. The creed of the United States Postal Service, translated from Herodotus, declares, â€Å"Neither snow nor rain nor heat nor gloom of night stays these couriers from the swift completion of their appointed rounds.† Here are some more common meanings of round as a noun: a large piece of beef a slice of bread, especially toast a regularly recurring sequence the constant passage and recurrence of days the act of ringing a set of bells in sequence a circular route a regular visit by a doctor or a nurse in a hospital a set of drinks bought for all the people in a group an amount of ammunition needed to fire one shot. a single volley of fire by artillery an outburst of applause a period or bout of play at a game or sport a division of a game show a session of meetings for discussion 2. Round as Adjective Anything that is spherical in shape may be described as round, for example, balls marbles, oranges, and grapes. Also round are cake pans, plates, Frisbees, wheels, CDs, and bagels. Vowels can be round, (i.e., enunciated by contracting the lips to form a circular shape.) Applied to a quantity of something, round can mean large or considerable: â€Å"A million dollars is a good round sum.† But applied to an estimate, round means rough or approximate: â€Å"The figure of three thousand years was only a round guess.† Shakespeare and his contemporaries frequently used round in the sense of outspoken: â€Å"Sir Toby, I must be round with you.† Horses can trot at â€Å"a good round pace,† and scholars often have â€Å"round shoulders.† 3. Round as Verb You can round a piece of clay into a ball, round the edges of a table, round the bases, round chickens into a corner, round out your gnome collection, round a number, and round suddenly on someone who has been annoying you. 4. Round as Adverb and Preposition These uses of round are more common in British usage than in American: â€Å"When the door slammed, everyone turned round.† (adverb) â€Å"At last, the bus came round the corner.† (preposition) See Round vs. Around for a discussion of these two uses of round. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Fly, Flew, (has) FlownFlied?"Replacement for" and "replacement of"English Grammar 101: Sentences, Clauses and Phrases

The Diversity of Over- and Under- Compounds

The Diversity of Over- and Under- Compounds The Diversity of Over- and Under- Compounds The Diversity of Over- and Under- Compounds By Mark Nichol Becoming familiar (or more familiar) with words beginning with over and under must include taking into account that these compounds can be both literal and figurative (or only figurative but rarely only literal) and can serve as various parts of speech. This post discusses some examples. Overboard has a literal meaning, referring to someone or something falling or being thrown from a ship or boat. (Board alludes to the wooden deck of a ship.) However, it also has the figurative sense of discarding an idea as if it were being thrown from a ship and of excessive enthusiasm; remarking that someone has gone overboard implies that the person is not on the firm footing of reality or sensibility. Similar, overthrow can be literal, as when describing an athlete throwing a ball too far, causing a teammate to be unable to catch it, as well as figurative, as with the sense of â€Å"defeat,† â€Å"depose,† or â€Å"upset.† Overhead originally meant, literally, what was above one’s head, but it also serves as a noun with several meanings: It can refer to a stroke that a player in a game of tennis or a similar sport makes over his or her head, to a ceiling in a marine vessel, or to basic business expenses that do not fall under the budget for a specific project. Overtime is the extra time after the regulated period of play in a competition (as to provide contestants with the opportunity to break a tie) or the standard workday or workweek (or, by extension, the pay for additional time spent working), but it can also refer, more casually, to when participants in a project work extra hours to complete it. Many words beginning with over-, such as overlook (which can mean both â€Å"provide a view from above† and â€Å"fail to see†) and overtake (â€Å"catch up to and pass†) are verbs, and some in which over is the second element of the compound are nouns transformed from verb phrases, including handover (â€Å"transfer†) â€Å"and takeover (â€Å"forced or otherwise hostile transfer of power†). Likewise, words beginning with under serve various grammatical functions. Underhand is an adjective referring to an action undertaken to avoid detection or to a motion made with the hand moving up from below the shoulder (and underhanded means â€Å"deceitful†), and as an adverb, it means â€Å"secretly† or â€Å"with an underhand motion.† Underline and underscore both denote a line inserted beneath one or more words to emphasize them but also serve as verbs with that literal meaning and with the figurative sense of emphasis. Understand is an outlier, in that it has only a figurative meaning; one does not use the word to refer to posing beneath something. (The Old English word for that action is undergestandan.) The sense is of standing close to or in the midst of something and thus being familiar with it, although under may stem not from the Old English preposition under but from the homonym related to the Latin word inter, meaning â€Å"between† (though the homonyms may be directly related). And though underworld once referred to Hades (as well as, occasionally, the earth, as being located beneath heaven), it came to refer to the lowest level in the social ladder and, by extension, the figurative collective of criminals, especially those in organized crime. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:25 Subordinating ConjunctionsThat vs. WhichGrammar Review #1: Particles and Phrasal Verbs

Cyber Network Security, Threats, Risk and Its Prevention Dissertation

Cyber Network Security, Threats, Risk and Its Prevention - Dissertation Example The rapid change in technology has significant effects in the everyday lives of human influencing all the aspects of life such as medicine, commerce, education, and security. Information technology too seems to influence the lives of individuals similarly since it has brought improvements in the individual lives, in the family lives, in education, career, democracy and freedom and every other aspect of life where information is needed. During the 1990s, the entire world could be seen to be developed around the telecommunicated networks of computers incorporating the use of information systems and technology. The power of information is largely responsible in contributing to the spheres of human activities. Be it genetic engineering or the development of software, the information technology is enabling the progress across every field of advancement across the world (Castells, 1999, p.2). However, considering the topic of information technology, the concern for security also arises to which it can be stated that the technology has both a good side as well as a bad side to it. While IT may be used for the purpose of promotion and stability of security, on the other hand, the system can also be misused that threatens the system and its use. The positive uses of the IT come in the way it can be used to distribute and exchange ideas and strategies for security, to draw together support for harmony missions and security programs, and to put into practice and organize security plans and operations. It is crucial in every operation of the government of any country, spreading its functions from intelligence collection to command and control. Even targeting terrorists and implementation of controls over borders can be achieved through the use of IT (Denning, 2003, p.1). However the negative side of the IT reflects on its misuse and the effects of the cyber crimes that have significant concerns in every organization across the world. Information technology can be easily at tacked and taken advantage of that in turn threatens the issues of stability and security. Computers and communication systems may be jammed by any individual or groups working against goodness making use of bombs, missiles, and electromagnetic weapons. Moreover the use of media that is another part of the IT can be done by such harmful people to spread rumours and lies across a nation, or attack computer systems purposefully to steal undisclosed information or damaging data and systems (Denning, 2003, p.1). Thus technology can be said to have both its good and bad side. It is in this regard that the ethical issues are also needed to be taken into consideration. The values of ethics are considered to create a balance and serve as a platform supporting the codes of practice in businesses, medicine, national security, and other related fields. Throughout the world and in the developing countries, governments, defence industries, and organizations associated with finance, power, and te lecommunications are increasingly made targets to such cyber attacks from criminals and nation states seeking economic or military advantages. The number of attacks is now so large and their sophistication so enhanced, that many organizations are encountering difficulties in determining the threats and vulnerabilities that pose the greatest threats and risks and how they might

Marketing Plan Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing Plan - Research Paper Example Bearing in mind that there are other strategic competitors in this market such as Ring Central, MaxEmail has to adopt strategies that would give it a competitive advantage over its rivals. To accomplish this, Brumfitt, Barnes, Norris and Jones (2001) propose finding effective ways of addressing the competitive marketplace and supporting everyday operations. Customer targets According to Armstrong and Kotler (2003), only a fraction of the entire population in an area would buy the products from a firm. The task would therefore be to identify who these people are and then targeting the marketing efforts of the business towards them. This ensures that a business only deals with the target market that would be profitable. In the case of MaxEmail, the target market includes the 3 million users drawn from the government and business enterprises with whom it enters into contracts to provide communication. All marketing efforts would therefore be directed towards this target market. The limi ted marketing budget should be a reason for such a company to market to the 3 million users as it would be more efficient than generally marketing to the whole market. Customer segments In customer segmentation, an organization would identify different groups in the market based on their traits. There is more benefit in focusing marketing efforts on a group with similar characteristics, wants and needs that would be with a group comprising of undifferentiated people (Brumfitt et al., 2001). Customers could be segmented in various ways such as according to their demography, psychograph, geography and use. Focusing marketing efforts on a segment reduces expenses and increases revenue in an organization. There are a number of services and goods on offer at MaxEmail including fax machines and services such as fax on demand, fax broadcasting and spam checker (MaxEmail, 2012). It also provides internet services like photocopying. It would be necessary for the company to identify the vario us needs by the government, business enterprises and individuals then categorize its products in a similar fashion. This would see the firm serve each of these segments differently according to their needs and capabilities. Product position MaxEmail rides on the strength of its easy to use interface and voicemail services. The company has diversified its production to not only cover a range of fax machines but also various services that go hand in hand with this. This has been furthered by desirable customer service that gives it an edge over its rivals. Serving the government market gives it a competitive edge over its rival Ring Central which depends on individual buyers and businesses enterprises. Its lean stock makes management easy for the company. Nonetheless, the company’s products are perceived to be expensive as compared to what its rivals offer. Similarly, the products lack electronic signs which its rival Ring Central offers. The company thus faces threat from Ring Central especially now that its products are considered to be less expensive and largely diversified. Closely related to segmentation is product positioning. Product positioning entails the creation of a consistent, unique and recognized perception of customers on the general image of the organization and its products. The products or services provided by a company would be positioned based on the accompanying benefits, users, price, class, application and quality level (Armstrong &

Compare and contrast the two different Native American Groups before Term Paper

Compare and contrast the two different Native American Groups before white contact - Term Paper Example He was the first European to land here what later was called as the â€Å"Americas†. Later explorers also called the Native Americans â€Å"Indians† although they stayed nowhere near India. Experts say that around 20 to 50 million people were staying the Americas by 1492. Mayans and Aztecs lived in the area which is presently known as Mexico. In the north, (present Ohio), Hopewell civilization had already flourished before Columbus came. There were farmers, hunters, fishermen, traders, craftsmen all over the continent at that time. (Reynoldson, 2000, p. 4-6) The Native American Groups The Native American groups discussed here are the â€Å"Inuitâ€Å"and the â€Å"Nez Perce† groups. The Inuit Shelter, food and clothes The Inuit lived in the coldest terrain of the earth, i.e. the Arctic Circle. Their houses were made of driftwood or bones of whale. However, the Inuit who lived in the colder areas, built dome like snow houses during the winter months. They built these with huge blocks of snow and then cut out a doorway to enter in it. Around the snow walls, inside, a ledge of snow blocks was built which were covered by caribou furs to sit and sleep over those. All the insulations were done in such a manner that the temperature inside the house could be easily kept as high as 160C, particularly if cooking took place inside the house. A windowpane was made out of stretched intestines of seals to expel the stale air. The Inuit hunted seals almost round the year. During summer they could hunt from boats, when the seals would swim or were on ice. However, in winter, since the ice was easy to walk upon, hunting was easy. Seal hunting required sufficient skill and patience for hours. They used harpoon to kill the seals. Clothes were tailored by women to suit the harsh climate. (Reynoldson, 2000, p.12- 15) Social life By November, the water froze to ice in the Arctic, and it was a good time to travel with sledge pulled by dogs. Winter was the time to socialize. Inuits travelled to visit family and friends to spend time with them, sing and dance. Also, men who had hunted well and stored enough food for his family would take this time out for enjoyment. Those who didn’t have a fair hunting season would take their family to visit relatives to be fed. The sledges could be used till May. In autumn and spring they were used to hunt. Sledges were made out of various kind of materials as and when available like wood, bone or antler and even iron and mud. Twelve dogs could pull a sledge of half a ton weight through thirty two kilometers in about an hour. The dogs were very loyal and obedient to their masters. The owners kept their dogs around their homes throughout the year. They would also make skin boots for the dogs to prevent the entry of the salty water into their toes which if happened would be very painful once the water refroze. (Reynoldson, 2000, p.18-19) Marital life Men and women had their specific works to do. Women made clothes, processed the skin and flesh of animals hunted, cooked food, raise children and also took to fishing. Men were the food providers, hunters, made the tools and built houses. There was no marriage ceremony in their community. Any partner could come out of the relation anytime. However, if they had children they would try to be together. Spouse exchange was practiced among the Inuit.

Components of Effective Teamwork

Components of Effective Teamwork There are many components of effective teamwork such as communication, cohesiveness, commitment and collaboration among members to confronting problems directly, coordinating efforts, managing conflict and making decision via consensus, which requires some time compromisation (Heineman,1994). According to Zander,1994,team goal are desirable state of affair members intend to bring about through combined effort. A clear understanding of groups objective through well-articulated goals is the most common characteristic of successful team (Larson and LaFasto, 1996).The team member had never been together before the assignment given. The team established a common purpose that is decided to complete the given task with the allocated time. The team member was randomly selected and joined together, the members undergo the 5 stages Tuckman theory, accomplishing group assignment.In every team, there are team composition needed for a team to work well. According to Guzzo Dickson (1996), composi tion refer to the nature and attributes of team members.Whereas there are large and small groups or team within organization, the important point the composition of the groups or teams. According to Hackman, 1987 the effective team need members who have relevant expertise, interpersonal skills and moderate differences in their background. In a way, there is no point of including many people into a team or group if they do not have complementary relevant skills to contribute to teams goals. Other than that, in many group or team, what generally happen is that individual get appointed onto team where they feel they are wasting their time in the meeting rather than being a contributing member. Thus, it is imperative that a team has combination of the right mix of workforce, expertise right people skills. In discussion of the group assignment, there are different value embed in three main ethics in this group(Malays, Chinese and Indians) including non-assertive, good manners, cooperati on and harmony; trust and relationship building. These values will to some extent influence group norms and cohesiveness (Abdullah and Low, 2001). Apart from that, it is imperative that members understand their roles in their teams or groups. Roles are expected behavior pattern attributed to someone occupying a given position in a social unit (Robbin Judge, 2007).There are many roles that member that members can play within their team or group. According to Margerison and McCann (1990), there are nine roles commonly played by group. Robbin and Judge nine roles include Linker, Creator, Promoter, Assessor, Organizer, Producer, Controller, Maintainer and the Advisor. Each team role has particular strengths wan weakness which is essential for team member to identify themselves and more importantly they need to match the roles with their skills and preference for compensating each other weakness with their strength. Moreover, cohesiveness will bring about positive effect to satisfaction and communication. In teamwork context, it is important that all team members build cohesiveness through understanding and respects of each others roles and contribution trying to accomplish the group task and goals. People who are part of cohesiveness groups are more satisfied than are member of non-cohesive group(Hackman1992).Group cohesion also helps to reduce stress because members are supportive to each other .Effective team work have norms that support high quality performance and a level of group cohesiveness that provide social support to its members. Effective leaders are those who personal qualities enable them to articulate a vision for a given group. It is therefore important that the leader, by his [or her] behavior manifest a loyalty to the needs and aspiration of group members. These things must matter to him [or her] in ways that to view because such evidence of good faith sincere accessible serve to elicit greater acceptance of influence. ( Hollander,1964,pg231;). In addition, Hollander found that, In order the group to function as effectively as possible, the leader needs to be attuned to the need of followers, the perception and expectancies,(1995,pg75).In other words, when followers trust a leader, theyre willing to be subjected to the leader actions, for they are convinced that their rights and interest will not be neglected. Besides effective leadership, an affective membership is also important to achieve successful teamwork. Team membership performs its task then is better able to perform the next task assigned to it. The main reason in forming a team is to complete given task. Not only that, it is also helping maintain good social relations, promotes its members personal and professional development. Therefore, it is essential for member require the right type of people, good internal group process and understand team dynamic to work towards a common goal. This is the social relations, group maintenance, or viability aspect of teamwork (Sundstorm, 1990).For creating effective membership, there is necessary diversity of knowledge and skills. Management teams with members of different backgrounds are more innovative that homogenous team. (Guzzo and Dickson, 1996)

Young Goodman Brown Essay -- essays research papers

Young Goodman Brown" tells the tale of a young Puritan man drawn into a covenant with the Devil. Brown's illusions about the goodness of his society are crushed when he discovers that many of his fellow townspeople, including religious leaders and his wife, are attending a Black Mass. At the end of the story, it is not clear whether Brown's experience was nightmare or reality, but the results are nonetheless the same. Brown is unable to forgive the possibility of evil in his loved ones and as a result spends the rest of his life in desperate loneliness and gloom. Guilt vs. Innocence Hawthorne presents Young Goodman Brown's evening of diabolical revelry as the first and last fling with evil the inexperienced young man ever has. Early in the story, Brown says: "after this one nig...

The Droughtlander – Essay

Name: Abeir Wasim Teacher Name: Mr. Ferguson Course Code: ENG-2D1 Due Date: Friday, December 2nd, 2011 Carrie Mac’s novel The Droughtlanders, is about twin brothers Seth and Eli Maddox. They are Keylanders brought up within the privileged and protected Eastern Key. Keylanders, the boys are told, must keep within their walls to avoid the filth and disease spread by the Droughtlanders-those who struggle to survive on the parched land between the Keys. But when Eli is introduced to an underground rebel group, Triskelia lead by his own mother, his whole world falls apart.To find truth in all lies he has been told, he ventures out into the Droughtlands. Seth, on instinct, prepares to follow Eli and bring him back dead or alive, earning him glory and honour. Throughout the experiences in the Droughtlands, Eli and Seth Maddox change socially, mentally, and physically which leads to new self-recognition. Eli and Seth discover they both change socially through the course of their time in the Droughtlands. At first, Eli shows his disgust to the Droughlanders when he says to his own mother, â€Å"Aren`t you going to explain?Aren`t you going to report that you touched a Droughtlander? I saw you, Maman! You kissed her! † (10) After time in the Droughtlands Eli gets used to the people and realizes how bad they suffer because of them. He helps Nappo’s little brother Teal recover from the skin-eating sick and develops a close relationship with Zari. This proves how Eli’s attitude toward the Droughtlanders changes by the end of the novel. Eli portrays his anger at his mother just for touching a Droughtland woman. He does not even know why his mom is with one but demands a full explanation.When Eli is faced with leaving the Keys to find the rebel group Triskelia, he realizes how wrong his attitude was. Eli’s own lost sister, Sabine, is a Droughtlander. As he spends time in their land he discovers a new and more homely family. Before, Eli though t of them as objects worse than filth. Yet after new experiences his feelings for the Droughtlanders turn him against his own father, which pushes him to join the rebels. On the way to Triskelia Eli aids two Droughtland brothers dying of hunger and thirst. Eli helps them by providing water, which is very scarce, and allows them to accompany him on his journey to find Triskelia.Along with his rebellious behaviour, Eli finds himself talking to people that he never imagined, he even develops an interest in a Droughtland girl named Zari. Eli considered himself as a person open and kind to everyone. So because he changes socially with his experiences and meets the outsiders, it leads him to self-recognize himself as a person who is racist and does prejudges people. Seth having to confess his sins in front of Triskelia admits, â€Å"I bought my way onto the Droughtland regiment so that I could hunt down Eli myself. I raped six Droughtland women. I stole from many Droughtlanders, I donâ⠂¬â„¢t know how many.I resented the girl who saved my life. I thought she was beneath me. When I started to love her, I didn’t tell her and that was very, very wrong of me. †(314) Seth demonstrates how his social status was before he was out casted in the Droughtlands. He was able to buy his way in to the high military rank. Seth shows that he thought of himself as being better than everyone else. As a Keylander he was able to openly rape six Droughtland women. This passage also shows Seth’s relationship with his brother. He risks his own honour by buying his way into the military just to hunt Eli down by himself.As Seth admits his wrongs he starts to really recognize everything he did. Seth came to love Rosa, even though she was a Droughtlander. A month before he used Droughtlanders as target practice in training. This shows how the worth of them changed in his mind. Seth was someone to never regret what he did, especially what he did to a Droughtlander. His tim e in the Droughtlands changed his social feeling and how he expressed himself. Eli and Seth’s experiences in the Droughtlands changed the way they interacted with the Droughtlanders as well as the way they showed loyalty to their own land.You can only change the way you act or interact with other humans when you actually face them. Eli and Seth find this the hard way as they grew up learning that all Droughtlander were worthless. But, because of their want for the truth, that led them to change what they thought of their own people. Eli and Seth recognize that they themselves were wrong. It was because of their people the Droughtlands were even formed. Because of what they experienced in the Droughtlands, Eli and Seth change socially which leads them to self-recognize themselves as being completely different.Seth who thought himself to be courageous, heroic, and powerful learns when he is faced with reality outside the protection of his father and land, he is really scared an d has no real power. Seth and Eli change mentally due to their experiences in the Droughtlands. Riding in the wake of his regiment Seth â€Å"could not stop thinking about the girl and her baby. Were they lying dead on the dirt floor of the shabby hut? Had they died because of him? He hadn’t expected the Droughtland to be like this. He hadn’t expected that he’d care about them at all. What was happening to him? What was wrong with him?Was he even cut out for this at all? (167) Seth thinks back to what he was trained about, â€Å"These people were the enemy, or so he’d been taught. And his father was his hero. Right? And the Guard was the bastion of justice. But it just wasn’t that clear anymore. † (315) Before actually stepping into the Droughtlands, Seth has dreams of dominance and blood spill of Droughtlanders. After three days training in the Droughtlands, Seth realizes his mind is not giving in to what he is assigned to do. For him, bei ng a part of the Guards was honouring, now he considers it punishment from his father.Seth becomes confused as he battles with his mind trying to confirm to himself what he was taught by the Keylanders was right. It ends as a losing battle, the murder and cruelty he sees makes Seth question his once thought inevitable courage. This leads him to recognize the truth about his father and himself. He realizes what he knew about the Keys was all a lie and the truth was before him. Eli watches Seth cry in pain and confusion of what was going on, Eli forwardly says, â€Å"It’s all making sense now, isn’t it? And you didn’t believe me!Look at you, you stupid bull-headed†¦ Eli tried to remember Seth ever crying before, but he couldn’t. †(307-308) Eli again shows his new found confidence, â€Å"He’d worked hard to look like this. He wasn’t about to let Seth deflate him now. He steeled himself. Afraid I might beat you up now? †(329) Eli shows that he mentally changes with the comfort of new friends and newly found courage. Eli develops confidence that he never had before. At home, Seth could do anything he wished to Eli, hit him, or almost shoot him. Eli never had the mental strength to stand up for himself.He always thought of himself to be below Seth. With the challenges Eli faces in the Droughtlands he became confident of his ability to survive on his own. As Seth always saw Eli cry, now in reverse Eli was seeing Seth cry. Eli finds that Seth is nothing to be scared of; he develops strength in his mind to face him when he needs to. With the difficulties adjusting to the Droughtlands Seth and Eli find they change mentally. Eli becomes more confident in his abilities and does not allow Seth to further deflate him. Eli learns that only he can put himself below Seth.Seth changes mentally as he goes through states of confusion. He loses his own self-esteem because he realizes that Eli was right about their father . The time he spends as a Guard only confirms that he was in fact wrong to believe Keylanders were good. Due to the mental change Eli and Seth go through they find parts of themselves they never knew existed. Eli thought of himself as being small, powerless and without courage to face anything. But he proves himself wrong as he changes mentally which leads to the new self-discovery of him actually having bravery, intelligence and realization of the truth.Seth also has a moment of self- recognition; his mental change causes him to realize himself to be caring, considerate and conscious of unjustness to those around him. Before, with the structured set up of the Keylands, Seth thought good of his arrogance and believed it didn’t matter how others were treated. Eli and Seth change physically from the harsh environment of the Droughtlands. As the twin brothers get dressed for the final circus performance Seth stares at Eli’s image and says, â€Å"Where did you get those m uscles? † Eli reply’s â€Å"It’s all the circus stuff, probably. Go for it, Seth. Hit me with your scathing wit. Seth blankly reply’s, â€Å"No. I’m not†¦you don’t have to†¦it’s just that I have to admit, is you had bet me, before everything, that you’d ever be stronger than me, I would’ve bet everything I had that that would never happen. Now look at me. I’ve been scrawny ever since the sick. † (329) This shows how much the two characters change from the beginning of the book. Eli was always considered small no matter how much he resembled Seth who was muscular. With their time in the Droughtlands, Eli became strong as he trains for the circus. He unlocks his full potential without Seth agitating him constantly.Seth converts to become weak, non-muscular and scarred on his body because of the sick he faces. Eli, with his new physical body almost feels superior to Seth now because he knows that he is now stronger. Seth, on the other hand, accepts that he would lose to Eli in a fight. No matter how much Seth regrets this, he knows he cannot change the way he is now. Eli notices his change in appearance, â€Å"As far as looks went, his skin was tanned despite his efforts to stay out of the sun, the filth that went along with his daily life in the Droughtlands. His hair was still shorter than most Droughtlanders. † (127) While Rosa admires her skills in ealing Seth as a lifeminder she notices â€Å"Seth had been very muscular, never mind heavy, the day the Guard had left him behind. He’d since wasted away from the sick, and the wounds had ravaged his skin. He looked more like a Droughtlander now, or almost. His hair was still too short. † (207) As Eli finally meets up with Seth he has â€Å"another look†¦ He hardly looked like himself, the greasy hair, the scars, and the pale blue pallor of shock. †(302) The twins both notice how their physical a ppearance changes from their life in the Keys to the Droughtlands. Eli finds he can easily pass for a Droughtlander.With the limited access to water, filth stains him like a bad sun tan. Seth’s entire body changes as the sickness of the Droughtlands embodies him and leaves his skin bathed in scars. The once dashing and attractive Seth melts away like a body that decays. Besides the scars, Seth’s hair is drenched in grease and face still in shock of how he changed. Without the water that their own land stole they realize how unlucky the Droughtlanders were, and it was their fault. Without the luxuries of just bare necessities, Eli and Seth find the difference between themselves and the Droughtlanders is defined by one month of time.The twins both physically change in ways that they never could have bet on. Eli finds he changes for the better as he became physically stronger. Seth finds his arrogance is not of any help when he deals with hardship. He physically becomes w eaker than Eli, but learns to accept it. It is because of the challenges they faced in the Droughtlands that Eli and Seth changed physically. This also led them to self-recognize there true abilities and resistance. Eli thought he was physically weak but realized after working hard he had the ability to become strong and also realized his own appearance to be attracting.Seth discovers he is not as strong, muscular, and good looking as he thought he was. With the disease that he endures he finds he has the physical ability to barely survive. He recognizes his self-esteem has shrunk greatly due to his physical change. The Droughtlander novel shows how two ordinary kids can change so much from experience. Eli and Seth Maddox are proof of exactly that. They changed socially, mentally and physically as their journey in the Droughtlands continue. This leads them to recognize themselves to what they really are as either being stronger or weaker than the expected.The Keylanders and Droughtl anders are demonstrative examples of how countries like America and Afghanistan are in terms of power and order. Americans have power over countries like Afghanistan. They are very similar to the Keylanders as they have more access and provision of good health care, clean water and better education. While Afghanistan is more like the Droughtlanders who are lacking in those basic needs. It is clear that Carrie Mac meant to send a message of how these two societies resemble countries on our world today. How do two places both on Earth manage to bring such a gap of difference?