Policy Implications of Psychology Model of Mental Disorder

Strategy Implications of Psychology Model of Mental Disorder This paper will audit the article Policy ramifications of a mental model of mental issue (Kinderman, P., Sellwood, W. also, Tai, S., 2007), and talk about how this article is pertinent to my future profession, by contrasting the thoughts that it embraces and those in different articles inside a similar field. The expansive thought that supports this article is that current emotional wellness administration strategy is predicated on the clinical model of mental issue, and that a mental model of mental issue could assist with educating or even supplant the clinical model as far as molding strategy. Kinderman et al’s (2007) article presents the view that psychological issue are â€Å"implicitly thought to be natural issue requiring treatment with variations on the conventional clinical consideration systems†. The article presents proof from various sources, including the National Office of Statistics, and the cause Mind, on the side of the view that individuals experiencing mental disarranges frequently get improper consideration, and that the basic explanation is the presumption of clinical as opposed to mental models of treatment. The intervening mental procedures model of mental issue (Kinderman, 2005, as refered to by Kinderman et al 2007) is the mental model proposed to upgrade or supplant the current clinical model. This model sees social and social impacts, just as organic factors as causing aggravations in the mental procedures of individuals experiencing mental scatters, as the outline from Kinderman et al (2007) beneath shows; The advantages of utilizing this model are that mediations would be intended to profit the basic mental procedures as opposed to treat an analyzed ‘illness’ as a component of a conventional clinical reaction. The model recommends causation is outer to the individual, and that psychological issue is a reaction to outside elements. The distinction with this model corresponding to the clinical model is that the clinical model just thinks about organic factors, and disregards social and social elements. Mediations, from this point of view, would along these lines be a lot more extensive, and would remember for huge part emotional well-being laborers, with less accentuation on the more therapeutically slanted mental methodology, and more accentuation on a multi-disciplinary methodology. Kinderman et al’s (2007) article proceeds to see how administrations could be organized around a social instead of clinical system and how existing hierarchical and operational structures would be adjusted across the board and cutting edge offices. How clients would connect with an assistance rebuilt around mental concerns is taken a gander at, especially regarding the shame felt by patients that is right now connected with the clinical model of mental ‘illness’, and the suggestions for quiet recuperation models. The greater network based, ‘quality of life’ way to deal with thinking about individuals experiencing mental disarranges is accentuated over these areas of the article. A breakdown of how the jobs of explicit emotional wellness laborers would be influenced by selection of Kinderman et al’s (2007) mental model is likewise given. The job of the emotional wellness laborer in this exciting modern lifestyle would be particularly as a featur e of a multi-disciplinary group. The job of therapist centers exclusively around organic intercessions as far as effect on mental procedures, and the customary accentuation on psychiatry over different orders would be supplanted by a progressively synergistic methodology inside a group of experts over various supporters. Kinderman et al (2007) suggest that attendants take on a more extensive job that incorporates mental intercessions, may convey greater duty regarding clinical choices, yet at the same time dependent on close to home restorative connections in both network and private consideration settings. Clinicians are seen mostly as administrators and coaches, and as defining proper intercessions as a feature of a multi-disciplinary group, as opposed to completing them. Social specialists flexibly the social point of view to the group, and would be engaged with socially based intercessions, rather than mental or natural mediations. At last, word related advisors additionally cen ter around the social parts of care, explicitly social incorporation, and the article recommends that a closer connection between word related treatment and come back to work guidance may occur. I have endeavored to put Kinderman et al’s (2007) article into setting by checking on writing identified with this subject, in order to comprehend the issue of the clinical model inside the emotional well-being administrations from alternate points of view. Petrie, K., Broadbent, E., and Kydd, R. (2008) take a gander at the effect of the patient’s own view of their disease as far as how the patient draws in with psychological well-being administrations and rehabilitative endeavors. The self-guideline hypothesis suggests that people structure sound judgment convictions about their disease so they can â€Å"understand and adapt to wellbeing threats† (Leventhal et al., 1997; Leventhal, Nerenz, and Steele, 1984, as refered to by Petrie et al 2008). People effectively attempt to comprehend their side effects and their disease, which â€Å"†¦drives the patients adapting and enthusiastic reactions to the wellbeing threat.† Petrie et al (2008) are contending that the impression of the patient impact how they look for help, adapt to mediations, restore, and react genuinely to mental turmoil. This view adjusts to Kinderman et al’s (2007) see that social and social variables are as significant as organic factors in how the emotional wellness administrations connect with individuals experiencing mental scatters, and how well individuals react to mediations. People’s impression of themselves are vigorously dependent upon how they think others see them, which is a social and social impact on an individual mental build. For instance of this Kondo, D. (1990), in thinking about as a scientist her own encounters as a Japanese American portrays how individuals â€Å"seemed to be established in and through social relations† and how oneself is a unique development. Starting here of view, all things considered, an individuals’ impression of themselves, since it is a social develop, will change after some time, and especial ly as for how they see the condition of mental issue they experience the ill effects of, and how any mediation advances (or not). This fits with Kinderman et al’s (2007) acknowledgment that people are demonized through the use of the clinical model to them, in the possession of the emotional wellness administration. Rose, Thornicroft, Pinfold, Kassam, (2007, as refered to by Petrie et al 2008) call attention to that â€Å"the analyze utilized for psychological well-being issues are all the more regularly connected with negative connotations.† Mã ¼ller DJ, Mandelli L, Serretti A, DeYoung CG, De Luca V, Sicard T, Tharmalingam S, Gallinat J, Muglia P, De Ronchi D, Jain U, Kennedy JL. (2008) did examination into the impacts of hereditary and non-hereditary factors on grown-up Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). As per Muller et al (2008), there is â€Å"strong proof that ADHD is exceptionally heritable and has a neurobiological underpinning† (Faraone and Biederman, 1999, as refered to by Muller et al 2008), and that â€Å"low financial status, parental psychopathology, and family conflict† (Scahill et al., 1999 and Biederman et al., 2002, as refered to by Muller et al 2008) are for the most part solid supporters of the danger of ADHD. This view adjusts to Kinderman et al’s (2007) see that social and social factors just as organic elements should be fused into the model that supports emotional wellness administrations strategy. Muller et al (2007) presumes that the incorporation of â€Å"env ironmental factors in hereditary investigations, [would help] to resolve†¦Ã¢â‚¬  irregularities in investigations of ADHD and of â€Å"†¦other mental disorders.† Again, the significance of social and social factors just as organic factors in understanding mental issue is underlined. Much examination has connected self destruction, and having self-destructive considerations, to burdensome disarranges. For instance, â€Å"most teenagers with burdensome scatters report noteworthy self-destructive ideation, and a critical minority report having made a self destruction endeavor over the span of their downturn (Myers, McCauley, Calderon, Treder, 1991, as refered to by Brown, R., Antonuccio, D., DuPaul, G., Fristad, M., King, C., Leslie, L., McCormick, G., Pelham, W., Piacentini, J., Vitiello, B., and Brown, R. 2008). It very well may be contended that self destruction is a significantly singular act. As indicated by Durkheim, the thought processes of an individual could be clarified by brain research, however brain science didn't give a general clarification of self destruction as a ‘social fact’ (Smith, M., 1998). In Suicide (1897/1952, as refered to by Smith, M. 1998), Durkheim examined self destruction rates across time and spot, and discovered exampl es between self destruction rates and among different elements, the geographic area of individuals that ended it all, and participation of strict gatherings. No doubt social and social variables had an undeniable effect upon the perspective of people, and that there may likewise be mental elements influencing everything. Comparable to the article under audit here, it would hence appear that not exclusively do social and social procedures should be considered when thinking about individuals with mental clutters, however mental factors likewise impact, or maybe intercede how social and social elements impact, the person. This is comprehensively in accordance with Kinderman et al’s (2007) model, despite the fact that the connection among organic and mental elements isn't clear, and could stand further research, despite th

3BM070 Strategic Corporate Finance ASSIGNMENT 2 Essay

3BM070 Strategic Corporate Finance ASSIGNMENT 2 - Essay Example The proportion supposedly is as high as 30% (Damodaran, 2012). a) Whether making interests in the portions of BP is productive or not, has been dissected based on the above counts in regard to p/e proportion and the offer value esteem determined utilizing the profit development model. The p/e proportion helps speculators to comprehend the market possibilities of a given stock. A higher p/e proportion is commonly viewed as better as it results out of higher profit and market esteem existing for an offer. It is likewise viewed as that organizations having a higher p/e proportion is probably going to give more profits (Bakshi and Chen, 2005). The proportion encourages financial specialists to settle on the cost at which offers must be bought dependent on the assessment of its profit. The proportion accordingly helps in setting up a connection among profit and the market esteem per share. It is amazingly basic that the proportion is concentrated by speculators dependent on industry normal and past year’s values. The proportion can be deciphered wrongly if not appropriately contrasted and the p/e proportions of earlier years and the general proportion existing in the business (Sharpe, 2002). From the computations completed it has been seen that the p/e proportion of BP in the 2013 has been settle for what is most convenient option. The business norms were at 12.8 while the proportion for BP was as low as 6.49%. This shows the market estimation of offers and the EPS esteems for the year 2013 of BP were settle for what is most convenient option. Then again, it was seen that the p/e proportion for the year 20014 had ascended to 30%. This was recognized because of a fall in the gaining per share (EPS) values, in spite of the fact that the cost of offers had encountered lower level of decrease. Albeit a higher p/e proportion is viewed as better, it might be judged wrongly if not contrasted and the figures of the earlier year. In the event of BP, in spite of the fact that the p/e proportion had risen, the reason behind it was a fall

EA Update

EA Update We plan to post Early Action admissions decisions online at 9pm EST on Monday, December 15th. In the next few days, we will send EA applicants an email on how to access the decisions online; I will also post a copy of that email here. Well have more details on the decisions in the days to come; thanks for your patience. In related news, I can announce that we have received approximately 5,000 early action applications this year. This is an increase of roughly 1,000 applications over last year. Here is a chart of EA application landmarks over time: In 1982-83, we received approximately 1,000 EA applications. In 1997-98, we received approximately 2,000 EA applications. In 2005-06, we received approximately 3,000 EA applications. In 2007-08, we received approximately 4,000 EA applications. In 2008-09, we received approximately 5,000 EA applications. The Admissions staff has been working tirelessly to fairly evaluate every single one of the applications weve received. I am confident that everyone has been and will continue to be reviewed fairly with all due consideration. Best wishes, everyone!

Benefits And Risks Of Recommended Child Immunizations Essay

This paper explores the benefits and risks of recommended child immunizations. The potential risks involve health outcomes but not limited to asthma, learning disorders, seizures, and autism. Even with extensive research, there has been question on whether enough resEarch has gone into addressing the long term outcomes and the entire immunization schedule. Engaging parents in the stages of development is crucial to address any concerns about the childhood vaccines. The process of development of these vaccines have undergone years of approval and improvements. Parents need to understand how much time and effort has gone into developing these vaccines. By closing the gap of confusion and questions, parents can feel more secure in their decision to immunize their children. Introduction/Problem Statement Over the past few decades, immunizations have saved more than a billion lives and prevented countless illnesses and disabilities in the United States. Vaccine-preventable diseases are still a threat today. These diseases can be passed on to those who are not protected by vaccines, resulting in hospitalizations and deaths every year (Common, 2015). But there is still a small number of people who continue to fight mandatory immunizations, and refuse to abide by the immunization schedule. It has been shown that refusing to follow vaccine protocols can result in disease outbreaks such as the December 2014 measles outbreak that began at Disneyland (Koch, 2000). Even though inShow MoreRelatedChildren 0-19 : Vaccination - Pro1453 Words   |  6 Pagesthe antibodies that lead to immunity. Through vaccination, a child is developing immunity without suffering from the actual disease that the vaccine prevents (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014). It is strongly supported by large organizations such as the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Academy of Family Physicians and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention that children are protected with the recommended vaccinations. Unvaccinated children can spread disease to otherRead MoreThe Vaccine Controversy Essay examples1641 Words   |  7 Pages2010 The Vaccine Controversy The vaccine controversy is the dispute over the morality, ethics, effectiveness, and /or safety of vaccinations. The medical and scientific evidence is that the benefits of preventing suffering and death from infectious diseases outweigh rare adverse effects of immunization. Since vaccination began in the late 18th century, opponents have claimed that vaccines do not work, that they are or may be dangerous, that individuals should rely on personal hygiene insteadRead MoreVaccines For Children Program Programs1522 Words   |  7 Pageswhat programs are available is critical to increasing the vaccine rates. Over the decades, there have been devastating consequences resulting from preventable communicable diseases as well as programs and strategies to assist in increasing the immunization rates. This paper will explain and critique the program called â€Å"Vaccines For Children†. This paper will also include how I will adapt this program in my future pediatric practice. The history of the Vaccines for Children program was a result ofRead MoreThe Benefits And Drawbacks Of Total Immunization1634 Words   |  7 PagesAuditing The Benefits And Drawbacks of Total Immunization On April 16, 1850, many people were relieved to know that the polio vaccination became required in all US schools. At this time, doctors and medical researchers did not think that now requiring one vaccine would create such a ripple affect, as well as so much controversy. Now, in the twentyfirst century, vaccinations are one of the medical fields strongest defenders of health and have created the ability for the body to become immune to virusesRead MoreVaccinations Are Necessary For Our Youth1305 Words   |  6 Pagesconcerns over the controversy of whether or not vaccinations are necessary for our youth. There have been many incidences where certain individuals’ immune systems put them at risk of becoming more ill and this keeps them from receiving their scheduled immunizations. The benefits that these shots provide outweigh the risks for most of the country’s youth. In order to maintain the safety of the public and protect the health of children, the scheduled vaccinations should be maintained by all familiesRead MoreThe Importance Of Vaccine Policy1181 Words   |  5 Pagesresidents sustained transparency, guaranteed parents the right to access vaccine reports that would keep them well informed, and assist them in making safe and appropriate decisions for their child (Texas H.B. 2249, 2017). On the other hand, as parents are opting out of their child receiving immunizations, conflicting values may arise. As vaccine exemption rates are rising, vaccine coverage levels are beginning to decline, putting the community in a predicament. When a high number of people withinRead MoreShould Vaccines Be Mandatory1492 Words   |  6 Pagesmicroscopic organisms and once given that energizes antibody formulations. (Vaccine, 2010) 23 various types of immunizations exist today. Vaccines have been reported to cause reactions that have gone under-reported and certain public health officials have been tracked to downplaying the risks while alternatively accenting the benefits. With media and increased encumbrance from anti-immunization activist, certain government disclosures have been slowing moving forward and rectification has been initiatedRead MoreWhat Is Cinahal? Create Purcines + Children?844 Words   |  4 Pagesa definite need for some growth in this area of research. Most of the articles focused on describing one specific immunization along with the benefits and risks that are involved when not receiving the vaccine. There is a need for more research, particularly in formulating new and possibly better ways to help parents understand why it is so important to get your child vaccinated rather than not too, even if that means providing more information and research available for a better adherenceRead MorePolicy Topics Of Maternal And Child Health Essay1634 Words   |  7 Pages Public Health Department: Environmental Health Unit Code: PRH 815 – Safe motherhood and perinatal Health Lecturer: Dr. B.Gichuru Task: Assignment Policy issues related to maternal and child Health Introduction The Constitution of Kenya 2010 provides for a rights-based approach in providing every person the utmost attainable standard of health .The Constitution introduced a devolved system of government which enhances equitable accessRead MoreMandatory Vaccination in Children: An Ethical Dilemma Essay1569 Words   |  7 Pagesdiseases which are now known as vaccine preventable disease. Vaccination is beneficial both for individuals and community. This bring us to the ethical dilemma - Vaccination of a healthy child with the intention of protecting both the individual child and the community at the same time exposing the child to the theoretical risk of exposure to disease products whether live, attenuated or killed. There was a time when people never questioned the government or their physicians. Now because of more public awareness

Boeing Case Study - 3170 Words

Introduction In this case Boeing faces a number of challenges in determiningthe viability of bringing forth the 7E7 aircraft series. Aircraft manufacturersbringing forth a new product has to take extra care since a miss in this assessment can place a company in a position to fail the result of huge cash outflows required. Boeing faced stiff competition from French based Airbus and had not brought forth a successful new product in recent years. Since the September 11th attacks travel had taken a drop in general and Boeing was making assumptions regarding future needs and opportunities. This included the willingness of travelers to pay 5% more for efficiency and the increase of hub and spoke travel for airlines requiring flexibility in†¦show more content†¦This beta is calculated using 40 years of data from Jan 2nd, 1962 to Dec 30th, 2002 (Because the data for historical price of Boeing before 1962 is not available) SUMMARY OUTPUT | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Regress ion Statistics | | | | | | | | Multiple R | 0.47008689 | | | | | | | | R Square | 0.22098168 | | | | | | | | Adjusted R Square | 0.22061697 | | | | | | | | Standard Error | 0.04211976 | | | | | | | | Observations | 2138 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ANOVA | | | | | | | | | | df | SS | MS | F | Significance F | | | | Regression | 1 | 1.074933 | 1.07493 | 605.9124 | 5.50E-118 | | | | Residual | 2136 | 3.789422 | 0.00177 | | | | | | Total | 2137 | 4.864355 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Coefficients | Standard Error | t Stat | P-value | Lower 95% | Upper 95% | Lower 95.0% | Upper 95.0% | Intercept | 0.00185857 | 0.000913 | 2.03574 | 0.0419 | 6.82E-05 | 0.00365 | 6.82E-05 | 0.00365 | X Variable 1 | 1.06941054 | 0.043445 | 24.6153 | 5.50E-118 | 0.984212 | 1.15461 | 0.98421 | 1.15461 | According to the regression summary output above, the estimate beta for Boeing is approximately 1.07. One important point to note is that this is theShow MoreRelatedBoeing Case Study1744 Words   |  7 PagesThe Boeing Company is an international aerospace and defense corporation originally founded by William E. Boeing in Seattle, Washington. The international corporate headquarters are now located in Chicago, Illinois (Boeing, 2009). Boeing was initially incorporated as Pacific Aero Products Company in 1916 (Boeing, 2009). Since 1916, Pacific Aero Products Company has transformed into Boeing and expanded into the largest global aircraft manufacturer by revenue, orders and deliveries, and the secondRead MoreCase Study : Boeing : The Boeing Company Essay5714 Words   |  23 PagesLauren Miller, Tori Tappero, Gabriel Quintero, Carlos Aguilar Management and Human Resources 301 Professor Aytug 6 June 2015 Boeing: The Boeing Company Table of Contents Company in Brief (Tori)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Page 1 Environmental Analysis (Tori)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Page 1 Macro Environmental Analysis(Tori)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..Page 1 Competitive Environment Analysis(Lauren)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦...†¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Page 1 Internal Environment Analysis(Tori)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..Page 1 Company’s resources(Tori)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreBoeing Case Study872 Words   |  4 Pages | BOEING’S e-ENABLED ADVANTAGE 2Could e-Enabling create the kind of sustainable advantage that the airplanes used to provide?Boeing was able to utilize its competitive advantage to produce better airplanes at a better price compared to its closest competition. Boeing dominated the market industry and became a global leader by producing cutting edge products that were better quality than the closest competitor. It wasn’t until Airbus started receivingRead MoreAnswers to Boeing Case Study2069 Words   |  9 Pagesklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbn mqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwwerty uiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdf ghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnm Sade Danglade Principles of Marketing Boeing Case Study 00016856 | 1) To begin, the market size with regard to the Dreamliner is fairly narrow to none; this is due to the fact that this aircraft is the first of its kind or genre. With relation to the market structure of the Dreamliner, itRead MoreBoeing Dreamline Case Study Report1114 Words   |  5 PagesBoeing Dreamline Case Study Report By Jiajun Chen INTRODUCTION On April 26, 2004, as Airbus surpassed its market share for the first time in the history, Boeing announced its plans to develop the Dreamliner 787 (initially known as Boeing 7E7). These plans were meant to recapture its leading position in the commercial aircraft market. With this aircraft, Boeing used a different approach for development. This report introduces the market position of the 787, addresses its new development strategyRead MoreBoeing 7e7 Case Study2380 Words   |  10 PagesCase # 10:   The Boeing 7E7 Presenting Date:   October 24th, 2012 Course Number:   Fire 417 Cases in Financial Management Section: 901 Instructor:   Dr. Manu Gupta Group Number:   4 Group members: Peter Lee, Siravuth Punyataweekul and Stephen Woolard. Case Summary: 1.) In early 2003, Boeing announced plans to design and sell an airliner named the 7E7. Boeing aimed for the 7E7 to be more fuel efficient, carry between 200 and 250 passengers, able to accomplish both domestic and internationalRead MoreCase Study: Boeing Essay examples832 Words   |  4 PagesAna Lopez MGT 420 Professor Cathy Ko Assignment #2: Case Study: Boeing 1- Select one or more diagnostic models that you believe provide a framework that succinctly identifies the key factors at the center of the Boeing situations. Explain your choice of model. Boeing has had an array of problems since the 1900’s; from the scandal with the Pentagon in 2003, to the manufacturing crisis when Boeing was required to halt production of the 747 aircraft for 20 days. Let’s not forget the financialRead MoreBoeing Australia Case Study1480 Words   |  6 Pagessales and marketing and information technology managers will be involved in the decision making, implementation and monitoring of this new system. This will prove credibility of JITD and convince customers that change is inevitable and in this this case the benefits will be mutual. Issues Deciding whether or not the Just In Time Distribution (JITD) model should be implemented into Barilla†s operations. Barilla is suffering from escalating operational inefficiencies. The company is beingRead MoreCase study of Boeing Dreamliner1560 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Title of case: Boeing 787 Dreamliner Critical Facts: Boeing is the world’s largest manufacturer of military and commercial aircraft, which was founded in 1916 by William Boeing and Navy Engineer Conrad Westervelt in the name of Pacific Aero Products Company in Seattle, which after active participation in World war-I was renamed to Boeing Airplane Company (Frederick, 2014). Boeing produced several hundreds of B-17 Flying fortress during World War II which became the U.S Bomber. In 1950’s Boeing facedRead MoreCase Study : The Boeing Company1453 Words   |  6 Pages The Boeing Company is an American Multinational famous corporation that designs, produce, and sells commercial jetliners and military aircraft combined and satellites. It also prepares product support services. The Company founded in 1916 in the Puget Sound region of Washington State by William E Boeing. The Company undertook a series of strategic mergers and acquisitions to become the world’s leading aerospace company. Boeing is organized into few main and original divisions: †¢ Boeing Commercial

Service Industry vs Manufacturing Industry in the UK Free Essays

string(95) " shown in various indicators with the shift to more service-oriented sector taking prominence\." The market in which organisations find themselves is continually changing. On the other hand, trade and investments are growing rapidly and overtaking the world output and there is increasing integration of the world economy. Multilateralism is constantly threatening and regionalism is stronger in Europe, Asia and America than ever before. We will write a custom essay sample on Service Industry vs Manufacturing Industry in the UK or any similar topic only for you Order Now This continuous structural change in world economies indicates the variations in the relative size of each sector which can be seen in terms of changes in output, employment and productivity. ECONOMY STRUCTURES Economies can be divided into three categories: Primary, Secondary and Tertiary. The primary economy includes all activities related to the extraction of natural resources e. g. mining, farming etc. The secondary economy includes activities related to the production of goods and processing of materials which have manufacturing as its major component. It also includes the construction sector and utilities sector. The tertiary sector includes both the private and public services such financial industry, health, defence and other services related sectors. http://tutor2u. net/business/gcse/external_environment_economic_sectors. tm accessed on 31st November 2009. MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY IN BRITAIN Industry is defined as a group of firms producing similar products with boundary of an industry determined by a gap in the chain of substitutes. All sectors of the economy can be referred to as an industry but emphasis lay with the secondary sector which is widely regarded as the manufacturing se ctor. Roger Cox (2009) Concerns have been raised over the competitiveness and continued decline of Britain’s manufacturing base. This de-industrialisation has continually raised questions whether it can seriously damage the country’s wealth. The concerns about manufacturing have been reflected in trends in various statistical indicators especially the shift away from manufacturing towards services, the productivity gap between Britain and its major international competitors. Malcolm Sawyer (2009) clearly stated that the value of manufacturing output in Britain has continued to rise slowly in the last half century, but the share of manufacturing in the total output is what has declined not the absolute amount. DE-INDUSTRIALISATION IN BRITAIN The trade balance in manufactured goods moved into deficit in 1983 for the first time since the Industrial revolution of the early 90’s. This could be attributed to the gradual movement of the economy from manufacturing to more service-oriented economies. This experience is not unique to Britain alone, over the period 1970 to 1990, the share of manufacturing in the national output declined in all major industrial nations while that of services increased. By 1990, the share of manufacturing in the GDP among major economies had declined with Britain coming sixth behind Japan, Germany, USA, and France. Mark C. Corri F. (1998) De-industrialisation can be viewed in a number of ways: ?The decline in employment, in both absolute and relative terms. The decline in the share of national output contributed by the sector. ?The decline in the country’s share of world manufacturing output or exports. ? The failure due to poor export performance or increased import penetration to generate sufficient export to finance a full employment level of imports. Office for National Statistics ONS figures for the last quarter of 2008 shows a decline of 10. 4% lower than the figures from the previous year with output decreasing in 12 out of 13 sub-sectors. Significant decreases were recorded in the metal industries, transport industries and in machinery and equipments industries 11. 4%, 10. % and 9. 8% respectively. http://www. fundstrategy. co. uk/news/british-manufacturing-slumps/182454. article accessed 25th of November 2009. In Britain, the fall in the demand for labour is associated with a reduction in output until 1987 and probably a rise in the wage level relative to the price of other factors. The decline in manufacturing employment means that its share of total employment has also declined over that period of time with employment in the service industry sector growing at a faster rate. A growth rate of over 7% was recorded in the 1980’s in the service sector with manufacturing falling by over 20%. Shares of world trade in manufactures and deindustrialisation. (%) 195019601970197919901991 France9. 99. 68. 710. 59. 710 Germany7. 319. 319. 820. 920. 220 Japan3. 46. 911. 713. 715. 917 UK25. 516. 510. 89. 18. 69 USA27. 321. 618. 616. 016. 018 Office for National Statistics (1991), Monthly review of External Trade statistics. London Manufacturing’s problems began with the misguided notion that Britain should become a â€Å"post-industrial† economy: that we would focus on services and the creation of ideas, with other nations taking on the less attractive task of making the finished product. The results speak for themselves. Manufacturing now generates just 13% of GDP, compared with 32% in 1970. John Rose, http://web. ebscohost. com/ehost/detail? vid=3hid=11sid=81119b4e-a750-4e4f-8fdc-3d2366c3f5e4@sessionmgr12bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=bthAN=35824528 accessed on 22 November 2009. In the period 1980 to 2000, the manufacturing base in Britain was on a steady decline. Government argued that the reducing contribution made by the manufacturing towards GDP will be made up for by the service industry but further researches shows that the assumption was misjudged. Figures show deficits on goods moving from +? 1. 3 billion to -? 30. 4 billion creating a ? 31. 7 billion deficit not covered by the service industry. This Industrial decline was accelerated by increased competition from cheaper imports and the outsourcing to low cost economies which saw a free fall in different high profile companies closing down, downsizing or relocating to low cost economies. http://web. ebscohost. com/ehost/detail? vid=3hid=11sid=81119b4e-a750-4e4f-8fdc-3d2366c3f5e4@sessionmgr12bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=bthAN=35457939 accessed on 26th November 2009. John S Mark S (2004) clearly states that the deindustrialisation in Britain has not being affecting the whole of the manufacturing sector, certain sectors mainly instruments and electrical engineering industries has witnessed a tremendous rise in production and they are among the fastest growing in the economy but industries like the metal industries have witnessed a substantial decline in their productivity. EMPLOYMENT FIGURES WITHIN THE INDUSTRIES This sector underwent a significant growth in the early 80’s in the EU during the post industrial phase of economic development. The doubts about manufacturing sector have been shown in various indicators with the shift to more service-oriented sector taking prominence. You read "Service Industry vs Manufacturing Industry in the UK" in category "Papers" It has been argued that the decline in Britain’s manufacturing sector should not be a cause for concern but rather the offset of expansion of other sectors of the economy especially the Service industry. The service sector witnessed a rapid increase in employment with the financial sector gaining rapidly on the manufacturing sector. In 1971, the workforce in the manufacturing industry has shrunk by around 4 million with the service industry recording a growth of around 3. million. By 1994, while about 46 million people where employed in the manufacturing sector, about 55 million and 28 million people where employed in the private and public services sector respectively representing about 64% of the total employment figure within the EU. Andrew Taylor of financial times reported that over a century beginning from the first production in 1907 to 2007, the manufacturing sector employment figures has fallen from 7 million to 3 million while women not account to 23% compared to the 25% at the onset. The mining sector used to account for about three-quarters of the employment with figures about 837,000 but now employs around 10,000 accounting for just around 1% of the employment figures. The aerospace industry, a section of the service industry which was non-existent at the beginning of the century now employs about 100,000. Mark C. Corri F. (1998) http://web. ebscohost. com/ehost/pdf? vid=5hid=9sid=537cf987-eae7-4a54-a771-43527c9111f7@sessionmgr10 accessed 1st December 2009. SERVICE SECTOR GROWTH IN BRITAIN In the post industrialisation era in EU, economies including the UK witness a boom in the service sector with significant growth in the financial services sector and the aerospace industries. Between 1979 and 1993, there was a rise from 7 to 13 percentages in service sector employment rate. In more recent surveys, the services industry across banking to airliners has shown growth rates in February that represent a five month high, as companies have raised their prices. This is a positive sign that suggests that the predicted slowdown as espoused by the Bank of England has yet to materialize. The Chartered Institute of Purchasing and Supply revealed that index prices are up by 1. 5 percent since September 2007 whilst the report also indicated that the economy has maintained its current momentum. http://www. investmentmarkets. co. uk/20080305-1705. html accessed on 23rd of November, 2009. The measurement of service industry depends on the way it is defined, either value or volume wise. Outsourcing has been a major component in promoting service sector. Manufacturing companies outsources most of its functions like finances, design and other little services to focus on its core competencies and all this in turn increases activities within the service industry and the employment figures reducing its manufacturing counterpart in correspondence. The rise of services is due also to changing economies within the EU, limited competitiveness of traditional industrial production. Financial Times. (2009) AEROSPACE INDUSTRY IN BRITAIN The UK aerospace industry (UKAI) remains one of the most successful sectors of UK manufacturing. In 2003, the UKAI accounted for 0. 6 percent of UK gross value added (GVA) and four percent of value added by the UK’s manufacturing industry as a whole. The UKAI is also one of the UK’s major export sectors, generating a trade surplus of just over ? 2. 5 billion in 2003, compared with manufacturing overall, which had a trade deficit. The UKAI provides direct and indirect employment in the UK for around 255,000 people. Although productivity levels in the UKAI are generally higher than the UK average, they Remain disappointing when compared to the industry’s main international competitors. However, there are signs that UKAI productivity growth is beginning to outpace these competitors. There are also evidences to suggest that there will be a further challenge for The UKAI as competition from emerging economies is growing. The growth of the United Kingdom aerospace industry illustrates the changing trends in globalisation, industrialisation and service delivery. From a virtually non-existent sector around a century ago, the UKAI has grown so much in the last twenty years and captured about 10% of the world market in aerospace and accounted for just over 4% of UK anufactured output and directly contributed just over ? 5. 5 billion to UK gross value added (GVA)1 in 2002. In 2003, the UKAI directly employed just fewer than 122,000 people, 0. 4% of total UK employment and 3% of total manufacturing employment. An additional 150,000 people have been estimated to be indirectly employed by the industry. UKAI productivity was ? 54,000 per head in 2001, 50% higher than the UK average and 35 percent higher than for manufacturing as a whole. http://www. publications. parliament. uk/pa/cm200405/cmselect/cmtrdind/151/151. df accessed 27th November 2009. ANALYSIS OF THE MANUFACTURING AND SERVICE SECTORS A steady growth rate has been recorded in the service industry while the contribution to the overall GDP from the manufacturing industry has witnessed a steady decline in the last few decades. This has been well documented from various researches carried out but a serious questions still arises from the performance of the service sector and its long term sustainability and effect on the economy. David Liston asked â€Å"what will the services industry be servicing if there is no hardware? The first priority should be to stop treating manufacturing as a relic of the industrial revolution. High-value-added manufacturing brings huge benefits. It penetrates the economy of the entire country, not just London and the south-east. It pays well but avoids bewildering distortions of income. It drives and enables a broad range of skills and stimulates the growth of services. In short, it creates wealth. Curmen P et. al (1997) The UK manufacturing sector continues to decline and the subsequent loss of exports has not been replaced by revenue from the service sector as the government had originally thought. At the same time, the ownership of UK companies by foreigners is increasing and UK companies are continuing to relocate some of their labour intensive operations to low cost economies. The cost of compensating employees who are made redundant when a company in the UK closes is one of the lowest in the European Union. So for multi-national companies with surplus capacity, the UK factories may be selected for closure. There is also a tendency for companies to consolidate research and development in their home country with the consequence that it is lost from the UK. This decline in manufacturing was triggered by some factors: ?Changes in manufacturing and materials technology and consumption patterns which affected a lot of steel, coal ship-building and power generation industries. ?Obsolete and redundant plants and inadequate investment and financial assistance to replace them. ?Diverse and intense competition from low wage nations and newly industrialised economies. ?Resistance to change at all levels of production from management to trade unions. Adverse effect of Government policies both fiscal and monetary on industries. Particularly in high interest rates and fluctuating exchange rates. With David Liston’s question in mind and the fact that service industry has not been able to replace manufacturing industries effectively producing a cushioning effect for the drop in its GDP contribution slump which is evident by the facts below: ? The interdependence on manufacturing industry as shown in the case of the aerospace, further reduction in manufacturing output will adversely affect services output also. Technical progress in manufacturing offers greater prospects of high-wage jobs able to raise standards compared to part-time low wage in the services industry. ?For each 1% decline in export of Britain’s manufacture, an excess of 2. 5% rise in export in required in services to complement the effect. Some policies which cut across all concerned parties from Government to private market solutions have been formulated to help halt the decline in manufacturing. Some of which include: ? Britain’s macroeconomic and industrial policy Improved management in the industrial sector ?A reform of Britain’s institutions ?Greater accumulation of both human and physical capital ?Improved innovation to accommodate mechanisation http://web. ebscohost. com/ehost/pdf? vid=5hid=9sid=537cf987-eae7-4a54-a771-43527c911 1f7@sessionmgr10 accessed on 1st of December 2009. CONCLUSION Divergent analysis from various stakeholders shows the variable effect of manufacturing and service delivery on the national income of Britain. A steady decline in manufacturing was evident and it coincided with the boom How to cite Service Industry vs Manufacturing Industry in the UK, Papers

Practice and Research Clinical Rheumatology

Question: Discuss about the Practice and Research Clinical Rheumatology. Answer: Introduction: Presence of focused issue- The analysis of the randomized controlled trial (RCT) study by Moyle et al. (2014) reveals clear focus of the study as the detail regarding the intervention given to specific population group was clearly mentioned. The main objective was to compare the impact of foot massage and quiet presence on aggression and depressed mood in people with dementia. Hence, the intervention is the foot massage and control variable is the quiet presence. Randomization of intervention- As the research was based on RCT methodology, randomization process was conducted in the trial by randomizing participants by a computer program (Moyle et al. 2014, pp.856-864)). This helps in concealing allocation. It increases the strength of the study by means of eliminating biases and confounding factors in the study (Berkman et al. 2014). By the computer program, patients were randomly allocated to foot massage or quiet presence group (Moyle et al. 2014, pp.856-864)). Analysis of patients in the randomized group- Moyle et al. (2014, pp.856-864) maintained follow-up of patients and this can be said because data of participants who received at least one intervention was statistically analysed by means of Baseline and Post-Test One analysis. Detailed question Blinding process of RCT- Blinding process is an important element of RCT process as it is done to reduce biasness and confounding factors in research. Blinding deals with optimizing the likelihood of differential outcome in research studies. It is done by means of concealment of group allocation from one or more groups of individual in the research study (Karanicolas 2010). In the RCT study conducted by Moyle et al. (2014, pp.856-864)), allocation concealment was done for the participants by means of a computer program. This computer program helped in randomization of participants to intervention (intervention) and control group (Quiet presence). Similarity of the group at the start- Similarity at the start of the group in RCT trial is related to focus of the researcher on maintaining equality of the group at baseline. This is done by keeping factors like age, sex, educational qualification and health status similar for both intervention and control group. While reviewing the research article, it can be said that the researcher considered maintaining the baseline balance in both groups. This can be said because no difference between both groups was seen at base line based on factors like living situation, gender, age, time and medication for disruptive behaviour in participants (Egbewale et al. 2014, p.49). Treatment of groups- The quality of the randomized controlled trial study is enhanced by identification of factors that might influence the performance of one group over the other group. The review of the article revealed the treatment fidelity in the study by giving adequate training to research assistants regarding the protocols to be followed during providing the foot massage (intervention) and quiet presence to people with dementia (Moyle et al. 2014, pp.856-864)). The rigor of the research is also seen by the attention of the researcher to train assistants regarding the core principles needed for supporting people with dementia. Following the core principles is important because dementia is associated with a number of medical difficulties and so careful diagnosis and assessment is necessary to provide sensitive support and relief to dementia patients (James et al. 2017). On this basis, intervention assistant could easily provide standardized massage on each foot of patients and the quiet presence assistant just sat before the participants without interacting or physically touching them. Effect of treatment- To examine the impact of the intervention on two groups of participant, Moyle et al. (2014, pp.856-864)) measured both baseline data and after the end of the study. By this approach of measuring outcome measures prior to initiation of intervention and three weeks after providing the intervention, treatment effect could be easily enhanced. This approach enhanced the quality of RCT and its outcome analysis. Furthermore, outcome was measured specifically by two scales. As the intervention was focused on improving mood disorder and agitation in people with dementia, measuring this outcome was important to evaluate the efficacy of the intervention on target population. Similar strategy was also taken by the researcher to analyse the treatment effect by assessing agitation by Cohen Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI) Short form and assessing the mood in dementia patients by the Observed Emotion Rating Scale (OERS). The detail in reporting is seen as detailed descripti on about each scale helped to enhance the clarity behind taking these two specific outcome measures. It reflects a focused approach to enhance the quality of study findings and making it reliable to be used in actual setting (Hulley 2013). Estimate of the treatment effect- To judge the reliability of the research study, it is necessary to evaluate how far precision is achieved in the result of the study by addressing the clinical and statistical significance of results. In addition, reporting adverse effects and external validity issues also determine whether target patient may benefit from the intervention or not (Estellat et al. 2009, pp.291-303.). In case of the RCT study for analyzing the efficacy of foot massage as an intervention for dementia patients, the precision in result was maintained by calculating the means and standard deviation of the CMAI and OERS score both at baseline and after the test for intervention and control group. On this basis, the results of the study showed evidence for the increase in total CMAI score in both groups, however symptoms of aggression was more in control group compared to intervention (foot massage) group. Application of results The strength of the study is reflected from the generalizability of research and its application to target population group in actual setting. As the research study by Moyle et al. (2014) was focused on evaluating the efficacy of non-pharmacological treatment options (foot massage in this case) for managing mood disorder and agitation in dementia patients, the research article finally showed that this intervention cannot be applied in real setting. This was because of many limitations found in the intervention. Firstly, foot massage did not significantly reduced agitation or mood disorder in people with dementia. Secondly, certain confounding factors might also be the reason for poor outcome. This may include the unfamiliarity of the participants with the treatment assistant, which have made them uncomfortable. The limitation is also consistent with other findings, which proves that more rigor in research is needed to finally adapt foot massage as an intervention for people with deme ntia (McVicar et al. 2016, pp.739-750). Consideration of important clinical outcomes Although no adverse event was seen due to the intervention, however the clinical outcome is not adequate and additional work is needed in this area. Firstly, many participants reported feeling distressed as unfamiliar people gave them foot massage. This might have affected the result. Hence, in the future study, this limitation can be solved by delivering foot care massage by a familiar person (such as family member or regular care worker) to reduce aggression and agitation in patients. Despite certain limitation, the RCT trial all showed many positive results which might help to improve the efficacy of the intervention in the long run. For instance, foot massage participants became less alert than quiet presence group, which indicates a state of relaxation in intervention group. The strength and credibility of the study is also seen from the way the complete case was analysed and put together. All efforts were made to make the data free from any selection biases and confounding variables (Moyle et al. 2014, pp.856-864). Hence, it reflects that foot massage has the potential for improving symptoms in people with dementia and improvement in outcome can be achieved by more rigorous research to find the condition in which foot massage can promote relaxation in dementia patients. The appropriateness of reporting is also seen as the researcher compared their findings with other research study and gave suggestions on precaution needed in conducting future research design for people with dementia. Reference Berkman, ND Santaguida, PL Viswanathan, M Morton, SC 2014, Study quality assessment. Egbewale, BE Lewis, M Sim, J 2014, Bias, precision and statistical power of analysis of covariance in the analysis of randomized trials with baseline imbalance: a simulation study,BMC medical research methodology,14(1), p.49. Estellat, C Torgerson, DJ Ravaud, P 2009, How to perform a critical analysis of a randomised controlled trial, Best Practice Research Clinical Rheumatology,23(2), pp.291-303. Hulley, SB Cummings, SR Browner, WS Grady, DG Newman, TB 2013, Designing clinical research. Lippincott Williams Wilkins. James, J Knight, J Cotton, B Freyne, R Pettit, J Gilby, L., 2017, Excellent Dementia Care in Hospitals: A Guide to Supporting People with Dementia and their Carers. Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Karanicolas, PJ 2010, Practical tips for surgical research: blinding: who, what, when, why, how?, Canadian journal of surgery,53(5), p.345. McVicar, A Greenwood, C Ellis, C LeForis, C 2016, Influence of Study Design on Outcomes Following Reflexology Massage: An Integrative and Critical Review of Interventional Studies, The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine,22(9), pp.739-750. Moyle, W Cooke, ML Beattie, E Shum, DH ODwyer, .T Barrett, S 2014, Foot massage versus quiet presence on agitation and mood in people with dementia: A randomised controlled trial, International journal of nursing studies,51(6), pp.856-864.